資訊型態與互動方式對團隊共識與績效的影響

Effects of Information Distribution and Interaction Types on Group Consensus and Performance

本研究以實驗的方式探討面對因果關係複雜的決策問題時，團隊擁有的資訊型態以及團隊的互動方式，對於團隊決策共識與團隊決策績效的影響。團隊擁有的資訊型態分為獨有/部分資訊與共有/完整資訊兩個水準；團隊的互動方式，分為資訊互享與聆聽以及資訊互享與探詢兩個水準。主要的研究結果包括：（1）不論是否進行團隊互動，資訊型態不影響共識度；（2）不論是否進行團隊互動，當團隊擁有共有/完整資訊時相較於擁有部分/獨有資訊有顯著較高的決策績效；（3）探詢能提昇共識，聆聽則無此效果；（4）兩種互動方式均能提昇績效，且提昇的效果相當；（5）探詢相較於聆聽更有助於提昇團隊決策績效之效果受資訊型態的調節，在共有/完整資訊情境下顯著，在獨有/部份資訊下不顯著；（6） 在聆聽式的互動方式下，獨有/部分資訊團隊相較於共有/完整資訊團隊較容易在團隊互動後改變個人原先決策。本文並分別就團隊資訊分享角度與組織學習觀點，探討研究結果在理論與實務上的意涵。

This study examined the effects of information distribution and group interaction types on group consensus and performance in a complex cause-effect decision-making task involving a laboratory experiment. This study examined two levels of information distribution types, namely unique/incomplete and common/complete. The two levels of group interaction types included information sharing via listening and information sharing via inquiry. Meanwhile, the dependent variables included group consensus and group decision performance. The experimental results’ here indicated that information distribution types influenced group decision performance in situations where common/complete groups outperformed unique/incomplete groups. Group interaction types influenced the increase in consensus following group interaction in situations where inquiry groups outperformed listening groups. Regarding the effects of interaction between two independent variables, the superiority of inquiry compared to listening on decision performance occurred only in the situation of common/complete information. When groups interacted via listening, more subjects changed their judgments under the incomplete information situation than under the complete information situation. Finally, this study discussed theoretical and practical implications of group information processing and organization learning.