讓學生成功學習：適性課程與教學之理念與策略

Make Learning More Successful: Ideas and Strategies for Adaptive Curriculum and Instruction Jenq-Jye

適性教育在提供學習者切合其個別特質和需求的學習，發展個人潛能，進而得以自我實現。由於學習者的特質極具多樣性，其能力、性向、興趣、經驗、風格、文化等均有所不同，因而呈現不同的學習需求，教師必須配合這些差異進行教學，讓每個學生都能成功學習。惟儘管適性教育的重要性已被廣泛認同，但觀念上仍多所窄化；且國外內文獻與研究報告也均指出，適性教育是複雜的任務，在實施上仍有諸多困難與侷限。本文即聚焦於課程與教學，釐析適性教育的意涵、重要性及實踐經驗；同時從學生、班級、學校和社會等多重途徑，分析適性課程與教學的實施策略。在學生方面，讓學生負起適性學習的主動角色、引導並鼓勵適性學習者養成應備基本能力，同時建立終生學習系統以支持個人終生適性學習。在班級層級的策略則有：學校和教師積極負起適性教育責任；善用全班授課、小組學習及個別指導教學型態；課程與教學兼含需求評估、形成性評鑑、補救教學及充實學習等過程；運用有效的適性課程與教學策略；運用合作學習、協同教學和教育夥伴等。在學校整體策略方面，則宜善用各種適性教育模式，營造有利適性教育的各種課程改革措施。最後，本文亦分析國內推動適性課程與教學所面對的外部困境與突破之道。

Adaptive education, which is aimed at providing a suitable curriculum and instruction for learners to respond to individual differences such as ability, aptitude, culture, academic interest, and learning style, is always an ideal in education and a prime target of education reform in most countries. However, it is not only a tough task to fulfill, but also an unusual challenge for most educators. In addition, even though educators are familiar with the term of adaptive education, they usually interpret it narrowly. This article focuses on curriculum and instruction aims to re-conceptualize the concept of adaptive education and to explore a whole range of useful strategies for learners, teachers, and educational administrator/decision makers to implement.