成人教育的心理學基礎

The Relevance of Psychology for Adult Education

成人教育的對象是成人，而心理學則為研究個體及其行為的科學，故心理學所研究的主題均或多或少與成人教育有關。本文探討成人教育的心理學基礎，除前言與結語外，主要分為三部分：一為探討成人學習者的心理特性，首先指出對成人學習者的不正確觀念：包括把成人視為「大個子的小孩」、以平均的觀點看成人及只從某一方面夾認識成人；其次為提出對成人學習耆應具有的正確觀念，包括成熟概念、分化概念、角色問題、時間知覺及差異性等；第二部份為探討成人的學習能力，並提出影響成人學習能力差異的因素，包括教育、職業、健康及不用腦筋等；第三部份為歸結成人學習的特性，包括；1、學習活動的明確結果；2、問題中心的學習架構；3、內在化的學習動機；4、經驗是學習的重要資源；5、主動參與學習的活動等。

The client of adult education is the adult, and psychology is a science to study individual and his behavior. So the findings from psychological study and research provide the adult educator to umderstand the adult learner and to improve the teaching process. This article is to discuss the relevnce of psychology for adult education. It includes three parts. First, the article discuss psychological characters of adult learners, including the concept of maturation, the concept of differentiation, role problems, time perception, and variance. Secondly, the article studies the learning ability of adult and analyzes the factors which influence the difference of adult learning ability; and thirdly, the article introduces the learning characters of adults, including: 1. expecting definite learning result; 2. problem-center learning structure; 3. internal learning motivation; 4. Experience is the main resources of adult learners; 5. participating learning activities actively and aut automously.