謊言建構下二二八事件鎮壓之正當性：從「大溪中學女教員案」論起

Lies behind Suppression:A Study on Legitimacy of Nationalist Government in 228 Incident

正當性（Legitimacy）是指政府被人民認可與接受的程度；具有正當性，政府才有執法的權利與權威，反之沒有正當性，代表人民不承認該政府，政府則失去了執法的根基。就人民而言，它是行使反抗行為的一種權利，如果統治者或政府得不到人民的認同，即不具正當性，人民為保護自己的生存，即可反抗政府、甚或推翻政府。正當性超越法律的層次，具有正當性，即不受法律的約束。二二八事件是人民與政府的衝突，根據近代民權思想，人民有權推翻貪汙腐敗的政府，這是二二八事件民眾反抗政府的正當性所在。但國民黨政府鎮壓的正當性又為何，這是本文要討論的中心議題。過去二二八事件的研究多自限在「臺灣」內討論，本文則將它置於中國戰後問題之角度而論。事件反映出國民黨政府根深柢固的貪汙腐敗問題，事件的爆發宛如第一把燎原之火，燒向該政府，有危及其整個中國統治之虞。這對國民黨政府而言有滅火之急，是以在事件一開始即已決定鎮壓。「師出必須有名」，但腐敗的國民黨政府缺乏出師的名義，是以透過編造各項謊言，建構其出兵鎮壓的正當性。本文從「大溪中學女教員案」考證起，論述國民黨政府在中國以捏造的「大屠殺」、「虐殺」、「強姦」、甚至「姦殺」等各種謊言，作為其「征服異邦」臺灣的鎮壓正當性。

During the 228 Incident, 1947, the Nationalist Government concocted fictitious plights of Mandarin victims. In these fabricated stories, thousands of Mainlanders and children were brutally killed, and many women were raped. These untruths cooked up and propagandized by the authority served to provide the legitimacy of suppression. The Nationalist Government used these lies to defame the protesters, libeling them as 'mobs', thus justifying their act of using violence to restore order. Tracing the case of a Mainlander female teacher who was 'claimed' to have been raped and died, this article illustrates how the Nationalist Government forged falsehoods and used libels and lies as tools in their propaganda for legitimacy of suppression in the 228 Incident.