二二八事件中的保密局

Role of Secrets Bureau in 228 Incident

在二二八事件發生前，軍統局已於1946年8月改組為保密局，由於軍統局或保密局原屬祕密組織，既有研究對軍統局或保密局在臺的布建過程，以及因應軍統局的改組、縮編，臺灣的祕密組織如何調整之始末，一直未有清晰的輪廓。因此，本文擬以軍統局改組為保密局的過程，該組織在臺灣的布建情形，以及保密局臺灣站在事件期間的組織運作為主要切面，進一步了解保密局在二二八事件中的角色究竟為何。戰後初期軍統局臺灣站之建置，係採取公祕合併組織的形態，以臺灣省警備總司令部調查室兼臺灣站，並以調查室主任陳達元主籌一切。1946年8月軍統局正式改組為保密局之前，已經展開臺灣站改組，並於7月完成，由林頂立擔任站長。軍統局改組為保密局後，臺灣站與調查室表面分立，然雖採取公祕劃分的模式，但實際上仍彼此合作。保密局臺灣站成立之初，下設三個乙種組，但至二二八事件發生期間，已發展為五個通訊組，另設學運組和工運組。各站組、所屬通訊員，乃至保密局本部與其他平行機關，皆使用化名，以保持組織祕密性。二二八事件發生後，保密局由局長鄭介民經蔣介石面諭，派劉戈青攜帶電臺飛臺灣傳達命令，並飭會同臺灣負責人陳達元等協助平息風潮，以及確保張學良的安全。事件期間其他各省站概多方蒐集相關情報彙報局本部。相較之下臺灣站本身，除了以密布的通訊員和線民廣泛蒐集情報外，時常施以反間之計，側身於二二八事件處理委員會密監一切，或影響輿情，推波助瀾。尤有甚者，透過向陳儀獻策，取得軍政當局的信任，逐步獲得行動偵緝能力，使原本應祕密行動的站組人員，也能公開地與軍、憲、警一同進行逮捕行動。

This article traces the history and reorganization of the Bureau of Investigation and Statistics (BIS) into the Secrets Bureau and examines the role played by the Secrets Bureau in the 228 Incident of 1947. In the early post-WWII years, the investigation team under the Taiwan Provincial Garrison Command had a dual identity of being the BIS-Taiwan Branch. Chen Dayuan (陳達元) served as the head of both the investigation team and the BIS-Taiwan Branch. In July 1946, the BIS-Taiwan Branch was reorganized into the Secrets Bureau and led by Lin Dingli (林頂立). Though separate and independent of each other, the investigation team and the Secrets Bureau worked closely together. The newly established Secrets Bureau comprised three divisions. By 1947, it further had five communication groups, a student movement group, and a worker movement group. To maintain its operations clandestine, pseudonyms were used in all contacts and exchanges between members, groups and organizations. Upon the outbreak of the 228 Incident, Chiang Kai-shek commanded Zheng Jiemin, the head of the Secrets Bureau, to send Liu Geqing (劉戈青) to Taiwan. Liu was entrusted with the tasks of assisting Chen Dayian to quell the unrest and to ensure the safety of Zhang Xueliang (張學良). During the 228 Incident, all branches of the Secrets Bureau were actively collecting information and intelligence. Some agents even infiltrated into the 228 Incident Management Commission to spy on the uprising and to influence its development. Through offering intelligence and advice to Chen Yi (陳儀), the BIS-Taiwan Branch gained Chen's trust nd attained greater authority to suppress the riots. Though being secret agents, they could work openly with the army and the police to arrest rebels and dissidents.