論奧林匹克主義的帝國主義色彩

Comments on the Characteristics of Imperialism Regarding Olympism

「奧林匹克主義」，是奧林匹克活動的思想指導。有國內學者研究指出：「奧林匹克主義」並不是西方帝國主義的產物。筆者則有不同的看法。基此，筆者蒐集相關資料，以文獻分析法，目的在於論證「奧林匹克主義的帝國主義色彩」這個課題。研究範圍限定於只論述奧林匹克主義中具帝國主義色彩的部分。限於資料和篇幅，部分的闡釋無法深入，是為本研究之限制。本文之結論如下：一、有關文化的流動現象是文化帝國主義抑或是全球化，學界有著截然不同的看法，據此，指稱奧林匹克主義不是帝國主義的產物，筆者認為過於主觀。二、國際奧會是奧林匹克活動的最高權力機構，也是奧林匹克主義最後的仲裁者，然而，它一方面是以西方人為主所組成的團體，另方面，各國家奧會和國際奧會之間並沒有相對等的權利和義務關係。因此，很難不讓人認定它具有帝國主義的性格。三、奧林匹克主義追求身心和諧、卓越、努力、公平競爭、和平、友誼、藝術…等等理想，從表面上來看似乎具有普世的價值，但是深加研究，卻可以發現到其中有部分的理念是西方式的。綜合上述吾人不難發現，奧林匹克主義除了部分理念是西方式的外，它的權力來源—國際奧會，事實上是一個帝國主義式的領導。因此，奧林匹克主義是不是可以那麼簡單的化約為非西方帝國主義的產物，值得深思。

The Olympism is a doctrine that directs the thought of the Olympic Movement. The Olympism was not believed to be imperialism, but the researcher did not agree to this point completely. By means of reviewing the related literature, the researcher summarized this article and concluded as follows: 1. The spread of culture is either a globalism or culture imperialism. There are many different studies and viewpoints that are related to that. Therefore, to say that the Olympism is not imperialism, researcher though that is a subjective opinion. 2. The IOC is the supreme power organization of Olympic Movement and the interpreter of the Olympism. The major members came from the West and there is no equal position between the IOC and the National Olympic Committee (NOC) of each country, so it is recognized naturally that the IOC has the characteristics of imperialism. 3. Olympism pursue the ideas of harmony between mind and body, outstanding, do your best, fair play, peace, friendship, beauty….,etc. It seems that these ideas have the character of universality, but it is found that some of them are totally a western style when they were studied deeply. Summarizing the mentions above, the Olympism that has the tendency of imperialism is an apparent fact.