清領至日治時期臺灣地震詩述論

On Taiwan Earthquake Poems from the Qing Dynasty to Japanese Rule

臺灣位處於太平洋地震環帶上，自古以來，一直受到板塊運動所帶來的地震侵襲。中國史書對於地震的史料記載甚多，然而記錄臺灣最早的地震史料可追溯至明熹宗天啟四年（1624）的荷據開始時期，不過都是零星的記載。臺灣自清領時期始（康熙二十二年，1683）至日治時期結束（1945），這當中臺灣發生無數次不同等級的地震，而對於造成重大災情的地震景象，治臺官員與文人士紳亦每多以驚恐、悲傷之情緒，以詩當哭。筆者以《全臺詩》為研究底本，配合中央研究院計算中心「資訊科學所」建置的「921地震數位知識庫」之「臺灣地震年表」，相互考察佐證，並運用相關歷史文獻，研析清領至日治時期的臺灣地震詩。經初步研究發現，其內容以實錄記載地震發生之日期時間與始末，對於地震真實之景以及對受災民眾驚恐受難之悲情有深入之摹寫。所運用的詩歌體裁多半以樂府歌行體進行創寫。從相關地震文獻中，不論清廷與臺灣總督府對於臺灣遭受地震災害後，均能積極賑災撫卹，盡到統治者的愛民之德，展現其悲天護民之仁。而就文獻史料而言，臺灣地震詩具備實錄之敘事性質，在一般臺灣地震文獻中，同時兼具文學與史料的雙重價值，更值得學界珍惜與運用。

Located on the Circum-Pacific Seismic Zone, for centuries Taiwan has been tortured by earthquakes caused by plate motions. In Chinese history, there are many entries regarding earthquakes. The earliest record of the earthquake in Taiwan can be traced back to the Ming Dynasty in 1624, during the Dutch occupation. Nevertheless, these records are fragmented. From the governing of Qing Dynasty (1683) to the end of Japanese rule (1945), there have been many earthquakes of various magnitudes rendering disasters of different scales. The officials and scholars in Taiwan versified their fear and sadness instead of weeping for the victims. With 'Complete Taiwan Poems' as the major text, with references to the 'Chronology of Earthquake in Taiwan', Chi Chi Earthquake Knowledge Base operated by CSCL, Academia Sinica, related historical documents are consulted to study the earthquake poems from the Qing Dynasty and Japanese rule in Taiwan. After the preliminary studies, it is discovered that many poems record the dates and the processes of the earthquakes factually, with profound and realistic depictions of the landscapes after the disasters and the fear and sorrow of the victims. Most of these poems are written in the genre of 'yuefu'. From the historical records of the aftermaths of earthquakes, both the Qing Court and the Japanese governors consoled and assisted the victims considerably, fulfilling the duties and expressing the virtues of administrators positively. Examining the Taiwan earthquake poems closely, it is discovered that most of them are narrative in nature, recording the happening of the disasters realistically, with both historic and literary values. As Taiwan earthquake writings, these poems are worthy of further study.