命名的規範：臺南市街路命名的文化政治

To Name is to Norm: Cultural Politics of Street Naming in Tainan City

在當代社會中，地方的命名是地方與政治認同關係中相當關鍵的元素，可以說，命名即是一種規範的形式，支配者藉由地方的命名，賦予地方一定的象徵意涵與空間次序。臺南市是臺灣最早的歷史發展起點，1624年荷蘭人登陸大員，即以荷蘭行政區名：Zeelandia（熱蘭遮城），命名在臺所興築的第一個城堡，1625年繼續將勢力範圍推向臺江內海另一端的赤崁地區，並命名為Provintia（普羅民遮）；1661年鄭成功攻下普羅民遮城，隨即將之更名東都明京（承天府），並將熱蘭遮城更名為安平（鄭氏家鄉）。1684年臺灣正式納入清朝版圖，承天府再更名臺灣府。日本領臺之後，隨著臺南升格為市，街區進行町名改正，除了保留東門、西門、南門、北門等具方向辨識功能的町名外，傳統街道名多改為日式的町名風格；戰後，在臺灣省行政長官公署對全臺街道命名的命令下，去除所有日式町名，取而代之的是一批具有中華文化或偉大領袖的街路名。由此可見地方的命名與更名，本身雖是一種文化現象，但命名背後則展現不同的政治意涵，本文希望透過古都臺南的街道命名或更名的機制，探討不同政權治理對街道命名的規範，以茲呈現權力之文化政治展現。

In contemporary society, the naming of a place is a key component in the relationship between a place and its political identification. In this sense, to name is to norm; and street names reflect the symbolic meanings and spatial orders bestowed upon a place by those in control or in power. Taiwan has been ruled by different regimes; and political changes were often accompanied with and manifested by alterations of street names. This paper examines changes in street names in Tainan, the oldest city of Taiwan, in light of regime transition or change in government. Because nomination makes a fundamental gesture of possession, the naming of streets in the city affords one more opportunity to affirm or to contest, control of the city. With reference to concepts of cultural politics, the practice of naming and renaming of streets in Tainan was analyzed to reveal street naming as a means to institute/consolidate ruling power.