匯流下的變貌：網路素材使用對電視新聞常規的影響

Changing in Convergence: The Impact of TV News Routines on the Usage of Online UGC Sources

匯流帶來新聞產製的改變，對主流媒體的電視而言，使用網路素材已是常態，卻也遭致批評。本研究從新聞常規概念著手，探究匯流下的新聞室中，依賴網路素材的電視新聞產製對常規產生何種影響？組織內因應匯流而生的常規又有何特色？在對15位新聞工作者深度訪談的資料發現，匯流的環境中，依賴網路取得資訊快速，使工作節奏加快；在新聞組織層面，形成網搜常規化、新聞內容話題導向、採訪報導形式主義的常規特質；組織成員常以個案情境實作來校準常規的模糊邊界，媒體相互競爭也形成了一種相互監看、模仿校正的常規。研究顯示，網路素材並未對新聞內容帶來多元，反而在常規的制約下，產生「昨非今是」習以為常的實作，掩飾了倫理與新聞專業的爭議。

Online videos, or so called user-generated content, have been used in TV news frequently because of recent media convergence. This study examined whether this phenomenon influences news routines, and whether new characteristics of news routines have emerged because of the dependency on UGC sources. A qualitative research method was adopted, and 15 Taiwanese TV journalists were interviewed. The results show that the high dependence on the Internet for obtaining news has encouraged journalists producing news without having to leave newsroom. New routines have been formed in new production. At organizational levels, the search for online materials has been routinized, Journalist' newsgathering and reporting are no longer original and initial but follow the hit topics on the Internet, Moreover, and news coverage currently focuses on format instead of meaning. At interorganizational level, TV news organizations monitor and imitate each other to adjust their routines. This paper shows that some unprofessional behaviors of journalists have become reasonable because of news routines changed. Consequently, the ethical and professional controversies have been ignored in newsroom.