孟利諾作品《繼承者》與《天坑》中的想像空間與集體記憶

The Imaginary Space and the Collective Memory in José María Merino's El herederoand Lasima

荷西‧瑪利亞‧孟利諾是西班牙當代文學重量級的代表人物，同時也是西班牙當代奇幻文學引領風氣的重量級作家。孟利諾的創作世界寬廣豐富，包含小說、故事、極短篇、散文與詩集，其作品在當代受到文壇及學術界相當大的矚目，正因他創造出在近代西班牙獨一無二的小說世界。以精煉抒情的語言，描繪迷失的人性，刻劃人類心靈深沉的孤獨無助，因此在西語系國家擁有相當的知名度。本研究主要探討孟利諾在《繼承者》（2003）與《天坑》（2009）對於「集體記憶」主題的呈現方法、「想像空間」的鋪排處理，以及在論述象徵空間與真實空間之間的流動疊替與互相呼應。本文第一部分將分析《繼承者》的小說結構，第二部分論述象徵空間與真實空間之間的流動與呼應，第三部分則試著檢視想像空間與集體記憶之間的關係，進而體現荷西‧瑪利亞‧孟利諾在這兩部作品中的文本主題與想像空間處理方式，彼此之間的呼應，及二者的互動關係與象徵意義。基本上，「敘述空間」在《繼承者》與《天坑》中反映生命充滿矛盾的本質與複雜的人性，同時又具有相當重要的象徵意義，是連結兩部作品的最基本要素，不僅包裹串連著整部小說的結構，並且與主題緊緊相連，互相呼應。

José María Merino was born in 1941 in A Coruña. He is one of the most brilliant and Spanish novelists today. He is also a very important pioneer of fantastic and mythical literature of Spain. His literary output is quantitatively impressive and qualitatively impeccable, which has earned him many awards and prestige. The narrative form he has experimented with covers a wide range of genres from short story to poetry to literary essay.He creates a unique narrative world. Based on the refined lyric and concise language, through a series of amazing fantasy stories, this writer has described with success the characterization of failed heroes and the lost humanity. This research aims to investigate the presence and the treatment of the themes and the space of El herederoand La sima. The first part is the study of the narrative structure of El heredero and La sima. The second part is the investigation of the circulation between the imaginary space and real space. In the third part, we will view the interaction between the collective memory and the narrative space as well as their symbolic significance. Basically, the narrative space reflects both the complexity of human nature and the life full of problems and confusion of identities. The space is also an indissoluble link with the problematic and complex condition of the human being.