客語多義詞啊55的時貌觀點之探討

An Exploration in the Hakka Polysemous Aspect Marker –A55–

本文以一小型語料庫為基礎、根據Smith（1991）的雙成分時貌模型，探討客語多義詞啊55 如何以其‘一下子’的暫時語義觀點貫穿以下三個客語的時貌構式：（1）表達稍微、短暫的從事某個事件的暫時貌、（2）表達淺程度的嘗試某一情境的嘗試貌、以及（3）表達事件重複而持續的重複貌。此外，這個短時的意義在表達‘剛/一…’的（4）緊密先前貌構式中，則指涉兩個先後發生的事件之間、在時間上或因果上的緊密的關係。含啊55 的構式限制了進入該構式的情境類型，並為那些原本不相容的類型，則根據我們對情境結構的認知知識，轉為新的情境類型。

Based on a mini corpus and Smith’s (1991) two-component aspect modal, the current study aims to explore how Hakka -a55-, with its lexical meaning ‘a little while’, conveys a deliminative point of view across three distinct yet related aspectual constructions, namely, the deliminative, the tentative, and the iterative. -a55- also occurs in the immediate anterior construction, to which it contributes its lexical content to refer to the immediate relationship between two connected situations, temporally and/or causally. As a viewpoint-related marker, -a55- specifies the situation types which are typically compatible with the aspectual information conveyed by the aspectual constructions, and shifts the incompatible ones to other types when the change are permissible based on our cognitive knowledge of event structures.