國中生健康促進生活型態及其影響因素之探討－－以台南縣四所國中生為例

Survey of Health Promotion Lifestyle and Relevant Factors among Junior High School Students: Using Students at Four Junior High Schools from Tainan County as an Example

目的：本研究目的在探討台南縣國中生健康促進生活型態之現況，並進一步分析與健康促進生活型態有關的影響因素。 方法：本研究樣本來自立意選定的四所台南縣國中，先以校及年級分層，再利用班級為單位以集束抽樣方式抽出1275位學生作橫斷研究調查。資料收集以結構式問卷進行，問卷內容包括基本資料、行動線索、健康概念、自覺健康狀況、健康行為自我效能及健康促進生活型態等因素。 結果：研究結果顯示性別、年級、父母教育程度、健康訊息來源數量、健康概念、自覺健康狀況、健康行為自我效能等在健康促進生活型態上有顯著差異，進一步由逐步迴歸分析發現：健康概念、自覺健康狀況、健康行為自我效能與健康訊息來源數量可解釋健康促進生活型態56.4％總變異量，其中健康行為自我效能為最強的預測因子。 建議：本研究建議學校應協助國中生自我效能的提升，加上衛生教育老師及家長等重要的健康訊息來源的配合，讓學生能以樂觀、正向及自信的態度看待周邊的事物，進而能實行健康促進的生活行為。

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate health-promoting lifestyle among junior-high school students and, furthermore, to analyze relevant factors associated with health-promoting lifestyle. Method: This study was conducted cross-sectionally where students from four purposively selected junior high schools in Tainan County were first stratified by school and grade and, then, cluster sampled. In the end, 1275 students were selected. Study data was collected through a structured questionnaire that contained information of demographics, cues to action, health conception, perceived health status, health behavior self-efficacy, and health-promotion lifestyle. Results: Study results showed that gender, grade, parental education, quantity of health information source, health conception, perceived health status and health behavior self-efficacy were significantly related to health-promotion lifestyle. Stepwise analysis results further revealed that 56.4% of variability in health-promotion lifestyle could be explained by health conception, perceived health status, health behavior self-efficacy, and quantity of health promotion sources. Among these factors, health behavior self-efficacy was the strongest predictive factor. Suggestions: Schools should assist pupils to enhancement their self-efficacy, with support from health-education teachers and parents as important health information sources. In doing so, students may be able to face their life events with optimistic, positive and confident attitudes and afterward carry out health promotion lifestyle.