肺癌嶄新標靶治療研究現況

Novel Targets for Lung Cancer

肺癌為全球癌症致死原因之首位。雖然全身性化學治療目前仍然是晚期肺癌之標準治療，有些分子標靶藥物已經廣泛臨床使用於治療帶有特定基因突變的晚期非小細胞肺癌，特別是肺腺癌。著名的例子包含表皮生長因子受體（epidermal growth factor receptor, EGFR）酪氨酸激酶抑制劑可用於治療帶有EGFR 基因突變之非小細胞肺癌，而間變性淋巴瘤酶（anaplastic lymphoma kinase, ALK）抑制劑可用於治療帶有EML4-ALK 轉位之非小細胞肺癌。除了突變的EGFR 及ALK 之外，肺腺癌也可能會由其他致癌基因所驅動，例如突變的KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, HER2, RET, ROS1 以及cMET。在此我們將探討近年來針對上述致癌基因之標靶藥物治療在臨床及臨床前之有關研究。

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Despite systemic chemotherapy is still the standard treatment for advance lung cancer, molecular targeted therapies have been wildly used for advanced lung cancer of specific genetic alterations, especially lung adenocarcinoma. Examples are epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors for tumors harboring mutant EGFR gene and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor for tumors harboring translocated EML4-ALK gene. In addition to EGFR and EML4-ALK, lung adenocarcinomas may be driven by mutant oncogenes including KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, HER2, RET, ROS1, and cMET. Here we reviewed recent clinical and pre-clinical progress of targeting these oncogenic driver mutations to treat lung adenocarcinoma.