再餵食症候群之預防與處置

Prevention and Management of Refeeding Syndrome

嚴重營養不良或長時間禁食的人重新經由口服、腸道或靜脈途徑攝取營養時，可能因此引起體液及電解質異常，葡萄糖代謝改變以及維生素缺乏，進而出現神經系統、肺、心臟和血液系統的合併症，最嚴重時可能導致多重器官衰竭，甚至死亡，這些綜合徵狀稱為再餵食症候群。要避免再餵食症候群的發生，重點在於找出具有風險的病人，在營養治療前、後即時矯正電解質異常，補充適當的維生素，謹慎緩慢的調整營養治療的速度。

Refeeding syndrome represents a group of metabolic disturbances that occur in severely malnourished or prolonged starved individuals when resume nutritional support either orally, enterally or parenterally. These patients may experience abnormalities in fluid, electrolyte, and glucose metabolism, and vitamin deficiencies, which may lead to neurologic, pulmonary, cardiac and hematologic complications, even multiple organ dysfunction and death. The keys to prevent the development of refeeding syndrome include identifying patients at risk, timely correct electrolytes imbalance and vitamin deficiencies before initiation of nutritional support, and providing nutritional support slowly and judiciously.