某偏鄉地區國高中學生吸菸行為及動機之調查研究

Cigarette Smoking Behavior and Motivation among High School Students -A Survey in a Country Town

菸害為青少年健康重大議題，尤其國中生的吸菸盛行率有逐漸攀升的趨勢。青少年吸菸習慣的養成，與成長背景及環境有緊密關連。本研究欲研究新北市某偏鄉地區（本文以下簡稱A地區）國高中生的吸菸行為、動機以及戒菸意願相關因子，並提出具體防制策略建議。以A地區13至18歲之國高中學生為對象，利用結構式問卷進行連續三天採立意取樣，調查A地區國高中學生之吸菸行為、動機、戒菸意願等相關資訊。共取得312份有效問卷，其中包含了國中生組193份、高中生組119份。結果顯示，此區域國高中生吸菸比率高於我國國高中生平均值，且最常吸菸之場所為家中，尤其是國中生；吸菸動機，以抒解壓力為最大的考量。半數以上之有吸菸習慣之國高中生有意願戒菸，且女性高於男性，多數學生明白吸菸對健康是有害的，但因為同儕壓力，及習慣吸菸而使得青少年戒菸成效不彰。本研究建議，透過身心壓力管理和菸害防制宣導結合，對於偏鄉地區的青少年菸害防制會更有成效。此外，家庭為影響偏鄉地區國中生吸菸之環境因子，國高中生菸害的防治工作，尤其是國中生，須以家庭為防治單位，對於家長進行菸害知識再教育。考慮到高中生的菸癮形成，應開始積極的行為或藥物協助其戒菸。

Cigarette smoking was an important public health issue among teenagers, especially the increasing prevalence among junior high school students. It was believed that there is a strong correlation between the formulations of a teenager's smoking habit and his/her development environment. Thus, this study aimed to investigate teenagers living in a country town of northern Taiwan with regard to their smoking behaviors, motivations, with the factors influencing their willingness to quit smoking, and advice on smoking prevention. Subjects were sampled among high school students aged 13 to 18 years old from one high school located at a country town of New Taipei City. Convenience sampling was conducted for three consecutive days and the questionnaires include smoking behavior, motivation, will to quit smoking and other information. A total of 312 valid questionnaires were collected: 193 from junior high school students and 119 from senior high school students. It showed that there is a higher percentage of smoking among the sampled teenage students compared to the nationwide. The places teenager students smoke the most are mainly their home, especially the juniors. Besides, the primary motivation is for refreshing. More than half of the teenage students are willing to quit smoking, and girls hold stronger wills than boys. Most teenage students realize that smoking does harm to their health; however, peer pressure and the habit of smoking cut down the efficacy to quit smoking. This article implies that the key to more effectively prevent country teenagers from smoking is to combine the education of managing the physical and mental stress with the promotion of quitting smoking. In addition, family acts as an environmental factor in influencing junior high school students' smoking behaviors. It is suggested that when dealing with country high school students' smoking issues, especially among the junior high school students, family-oriented intervention is mandatory. The re-education of tobacco hazard should be carried out to both the teenagers and their parents. Concerning the formation of senior high students' tobacco addiction, we shall help them more intensively through behavior modification or medical treatment.