The Effect of Virtualization Level of Team Effectiveness in Information and Electronic Industries: The Moderating Effect of Task Characteristics

資訊電子產業團隊虛擬化程度對團隊效能之影響－－任務特性的干擾效果

最近十年來，由於全球化趨勢以及資訊科技發展，改變了企業組織型態與管理工作本質，使得組織間的界限產生大幅度變動，「虛擬團隊」正是此趨勢下產生的新型態工作團隊。然而，隨著虛擬團隊的廣泛應用，許多企業只見到網際網路與通訊技術帶來的好處，卻忽略在高度數位化下，可能伴隨著成員間的懷疑、猜忌及不信任，反而阻礙團隊之運作。有鑑於此，本研究探討團隊虛擬化程度、團隊任務特性對團隊效能之影響效果。本研究以資訊電子業的團隊為研究對象，採問卷調查方式，針對49家資訊電子企業，共收集62套完整且有效之團隊問卷（包含團隊領導者問卷62份，團隊成員問卷234份）。研究結果發現：（1）團隊虛擬化程度對於團隊效能具有正向影響效果。（2）當任務相互依賴性程度愈高，團隊虛擬化程度愈高，則任務績效愈差。（3）當任務不確定性程度愈高，團隊虛擬化程度愈高，則任務績效愈佳。（4）任務特性對於團隊虛擬化程度與合作滿意度間無明顯干擾效果。

With the development of information technology, types of organizations and the nature of management have changed, and boundaries between organizations have diminished. The newest type of work group to emerge is the ”virtual team,” a phenomenon that comes with both advantages and disadvantages. Energized by the ability of the Internet and information technology to bring people together, many managers overlook the doubt and distrust that are common within teams of people working together via computer. Accordingly, this study explores the effect of the virtualization level of team and task characteristics on team effectiveness. The study sample consisted of 62 completed team questionnaires (filled out by 62 team leaders and 234 team members) from 49 enterprises in the information and electronic industries. The results are as follows. First, the virtualization level of teams significantly influenced their effectiveness. Second, regarding the moderating effect of task interdependence, the greater the task interdependence, the greater the virtualization level of the team and the lower its task performance. Third, regarding the moderating effect of task uncertainty, the greater the task uncertainty, the greater the virtualization level of team and the greater its task performance. Finally, task characteristics have no significant moderating effect on virtualization level of teams and cooperation satisfaction.