企業資源規劃系統之導入研究－－從創新擴散的觀點分析

Implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning Systems: An Innovation Diffusion Perspective

企業資源規劃系統 (Enterprise Resources Planning, ERP) 導入的相關文獻指出有許多關鍵因素會影響ERP系統的成功，然而關於創新擴散因素和ERP系統導入成功之間的關係以及創新擴散因素間的調節效果仍然缺乏實徵的研究。ERP系統的導入可以視為組織內創新擴散的過程，本研究引用創新擴散理論加以說明分析，並採用郵寄問卷的方式調查驗證ERP系統導入成功因素的模型。本研究分別針對ERP專案經理以及ERP主要使用者設計兩種問卷，對於台灣地區的製造業公司進行關於組織因素、創新特性因素與ERP專案整體成功的調查，一共回收128份有效問卷。使用部分最小平方法 (Partial Least Squares, PLS) 進行資料分析的結果發現：（1）組織準備度和資訊科技基礎建設之能力有助於企業管理ERP系統導入期間所引發的組織變革議題；（2）當導入ERP系統面臨的組織調整程度愈高時，更突顯組織準備度對於組織導入成功的重要性；（3）ERP系統於組織層面的導入成功將同時影響專案績效和ERP系統的成功。最後，根據研究的結果提供企業一些管理ERP系統導入的實務建議。

The ERP implementation literature suggests various factors critical for the successful implementation of an ERP system. However, there is little empirical research about the relationships between innovation diffusion factors and ERP implementation success, as well as the moderators of the relationships. ERP implementations can be viewed as innovation diffusion processes within organizations. With a paired mail survey, this study investigates a model of ERP implementation success. ERP project leaders and major user managers from 128 manufacturing firms completed the paired questionnaires on organizational and innovative factors and the success of the ERP system. The results from a Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis of the data found that organizational readiness and IT infrastructure capability help in dealing with organizational issues that arise during ERP implementation. Organizational readiness becomes more important for organizational implementation success when the implementation experiences greater scales of organizational adaptation. The implementation success, in turn, influences both project performance and ERP success. The results of the study offer suggestions for the project management of ERP implementation.