團體式營養教育介入對國小過重學童體位之影響

Effects of Group Intervention and Nutrition Education on the Anthropometry in Elementary Overweight Children

本研究目的在於探討團體式介入營養教育與運動課程，對中年級肥胖學童體位之影響。採用單組前後測試驗設計，立意取樣篩選台南市某國小三、四年級體重過重之男女學童共37名（BMI平均值為25.6±1.7公斤/公尺^2），由57位大學營養系學生編組，協助進行營養教育與體能活動執行，每週三次、每次四十分鐘的營養教育或運動課程，為期四週。研究前後進行體位測量與「飲食行為問卷調查」，研究期間則進行飲食記錄指導，結果以SAS統計套裝軟體進行分析。研究介入後學童的身高增高，而體重、腰圍、TSF、腰臀比與BMI，均顯著降低，減少幅度分別為2%、1.4%、20%、1.2%與2%；在飲食行為方面，每週吃早餐的頻率顯著增加；學童生活型態方面，每週平均運動時間後測平均值比前測有顯著增加，而每日上網時間後測比前測顯著降低，全期學童出席率為83.6%。由上述結果得知，短期介入對學童的體位有改善現象，飲食行為與生活型態也有一些正面的變動，顯示團體輔助方式之營養教育與運動課程的介入，對兒童體位的控制有改善的效果。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the group intervention and nutrition education on the anthropometry in elementary obese children. This study used judgment sampling to recruit 37 overweight volunteers （BMI 25.6±1.7 kg/m^2） from third and fourth grade children in an elementary school. All children were randomly divided into 8 groups to perform three times a week, each 40 minutes of nutrition education or exercise programs for four weeks. 3-4 undergraduate tutors was arranged to each group in order to increase children's interest and confidence. Before and after the study intervention, all of the subjects had received all the anthropometry measurement and a dietary questionnaire. After the intervention, there was a increase in student's height, a significant decrease in the body weight, waist circumference, waist to hip ratio （WHR） and BMI values （p＜0.05）. According to the dietary behavior results, the weekly frequency of eating breakfast was higher than those before the intervention （p＜0.05）. The average time of weekly exercise was also significantly increased （p＜0.05）. There was 83.6% attendance during 4-wks intervention. The results showed that the group intervention and nutrition education had a ameliorative effect on the BMI and WHR in elementary obese children. As the result of dietary behavior and lifestyle, we found the 4-wks intervention resulted in a higher frequency of eating breakfast and physical exercise. Our data suggested that group intervention and nutrition education had a slightly preventive role against children obesity.