十六國時期五胡君主的感生、異貌神話

Myths of Supernatural Birth and Extraordinary Appearance of the Five Hu Monarchs in the Sixteen-country Period

本文探討十六國時期感生、異貌神話興盛的政治、文化背景，以及五胡君主感生、異貌神話的內容。本文主要分為三部分，首先探討感生、異貌神話興盛的政治背景。在華夏正統觀及嫡長繼承制的影響下，五胡的立國及不合乎嫡長繼承制而繼位的國君，其政權的合法性受到質疑，因此利用感生、異貌神話來強化其政權的合法性。其次探討感生、異貌神話興盛的文化背景。由於漢民族及五胡各族大都相信鬼神、天命之說，因此感生、異貌神話具有強化政權合法性的作用。最後分析感生、異貌神話的內容。十六國君主的感生神話的情節有三類，一是感神或物而成孕，二是懷孕或誕生時有吉徵，三是孕期長。異貌的內容主要有四類：一是鬚毛長美，二是手垂過膝，三是眼、耳、鼻、口等面相異於常人，四是身上有文字。

This thesis focuses on the myths of Supernatural Birth and Extraordinary Appearance of the Five Hu monarchs, and the political and cultural background, in the Sixteen-country Period. This thesis is divided into three parts. The first part is the introduction about the myths of Supernatural Birth and Extraordinary Appearance, and the political background that enhances their popularity. With the influence of the Chinese Orthodox and the Eldest Son Inheritance System, whenever the legitimacy of any Five Hu regime is questioned, the myths of Supernatural Birth and Extraordinary Appearance can strengthen the legitimacy of regimes. The second part is the cultural background of myths of Supernatural Birth and Extraordinary Appearance. Han tribes and Five Hu tribes both believe in Gods, ghosts and the supernatural power, these kinds of political myths definitely can strengthen the legitimacy of regimes. Finally, the third part is the analysis of the myths of Supernatural Birth and Extraordinary Appearance. The myths of Supernatural Birth can be categorized into three types: first, pregnancy because of dreaming about Gods or other Supernatural Power; second, lucky signs at the very moment of birth; third, unusual lengthy period of pregnancy. The myths of Supernatural Birth can be categorized into four types: first, long, beautiful beards and hairs; second, long arms that could be lower than the knees; third, extraordinary eyes, noses, mouths or other extraordinary body parts; fourth, special words on the body at birth.