國小高年級學童偏差行為、依附鍵、信仰鍵之關聯性與徑路分析

An Empirical Study on the Correlations and Path Analysis among Attachment, Beliefs and Delinquent Behaviors in Primary School Children

相當多的文獻顯示，兒童時期的偏差行為可以是未來的犯罪行為重要預測指標。兒童時期的偏差行為對未來成人生活的許多不同層面亦有不良的負面影響。因此，探討兒童早期偏差行為之影響因素是非常重要的。過去的偏差行為研究，大多是以國、高中的青少年或受保護管束、感化教育的犯罪少年為主要的研究對象，較少探討國小兒童的觸法行為。其次，偏差行為的研究也鮮少關注學童的信仰鍵，故本研究使用國小五、六年級學童共513名之問卷資料做分析，探討依附鍵及法律信仰鍵對兒童偏差行為的影響。本研究發現，法律信仰鍵及依附鍵具有關聯性且確實均會影響兒童的偏差行為。研究亦發現：學童有較高程度的法律信仰，僅有較低程度的中立化信仰。研究結果同時顯示：國小高年級學童內在的是非信仰判斷已然形成，且有相當的一致性(consensus)。徑路分析亦發現：偏差同儕依附是偏差行為最大的影響因素，而學童個人內在法律信仰較家庭依附及學校依附更能直接影響偏差行為。研究結論指出，個人法律信仰與道德判斷應早於國小高年級之前形成，對偏差行為才有抑制效果。

Previous studies reveal that misbehavior during the childhood could be an important indicator to predict the future delinquent behavior. Misbehavior in the childhood could continue to adult life in different manifestations and life domains. That is why it is very important to do research on the factors which influence the early misbehaviors in childhood. In the past time, most of investigations are focussing on junior high school and senior high school students or those who are in custody of protective or correctional reformatories and not on elementary school children. This current research intends to use a sample of 513 fifth and sixth grade elementary school children to study the correlational relationship among attachment , beliefs and delinquency. Our analysis shows that there is a significant correlation between beliefs and attachment and both influence children’s delinquent behaviors. This investigation also discovered: in general, children have a higher degree of anti-crime belief, and a lower degree of pro-crime belief. It also found that sampled children had already formed their legal value judgment system with high degree of consensus .According to the path analysis we also discovered that compare to family and school attachment bond, the belief system is more influential and directly to cause delinquency .The belief system interacts with delinquent peers to cause more delinquent behaviors. The implication of this study shows that individual legal belief and moral judgment should be formed before fifth or sixth grades, so that it can inhibit delinquent behaviors.