台灣地區非法藥物濫用高危險群青少年對現行毒品防治政策成效及戒毒成功因素評估之實證研究

The practical research of evaluation toward anti-drug policies and perceptional factors of successfully withdraw front drug of high risk juveniles of drug abuse

近年來，台灣地區青少年非法藥物濫用、毒品侵入校園等現象日益氾濫，形成毒品防治之重要挑戰。先行研究指出：青少年對於反毒政策的效能評估及支持度，皆會對藥物濫用政策實施的成效產生影響。因之，本研究之主要目的為釐清高危險群青少年的藥物濫用情形、對非法藥物成癮危險性認知等變項對於現行藥物濫用戒除實務作法中的偏好以及評價的影響。另外，本研究亦分析青少年在非法藥物濫用戒除過程中所需要的各種協助以及支持力量評估之認知，以提出未來針對高危險群青少年非法藥物濫用戒治政策制訂的參考。研究結果發現：青少年藥物濫用的原因以「出於好奇心」、「無聊、好玩」以及「朋友引誘」為前三高，表示出青少年「由內而外」的藥物接近傾向。青少年對於政府所推行的九項毒品防治策略之效能評估多採中立看法，其中「觀察勒戒處遇」的評價較高，成效較受到青少年認同。在戒除毒癮成功的關鍵因素部分，「得到家人的支持」、「遠離吸毒的朋友」以及「自己的意志力堅定」等三項獲得受試青少年較高評價，表示青少年傾向於認為如果要戒除毒癮，最重要的為自己要先堅定意志力，加上家人的支持以及協助。此外，遠離吸毒友伴以及非法藥物濫用環境亦為成功戒除毒癮的重要手段。

Since problem of juvenile's drug abuse is getting worse recently in Taiwan, it becomes an important challenge toward the anti-drug policy. Previous studies have suggested that the evaluation and support toward anti-drug policy of juveniles will influence the practical results of the policy. The main purpose of present study was to find out the characteristics of drug abuse of high risk juvneiles in Taiwan and to exam the effects of factors such as the risk perception toward the drug abuse, which influence the evaluation and preferrence of the practical abti-drug policies. Besides, we also examined factors which influence the perception of needs and support in order to refrain from drug. Finally, we submitted some advices for future amendments of juveniles anti-drug policies. The main results of the present study found that the most 3 popular factors of juveniles’ drug abuse were “curiosity”, “boring, just for fun”, and “temptation from friends”. These factors show that juvenils have the tendency of drug abuse from “inside”(personal factors) to “outside” (environmental factors). Juvneiles had neutral attitudes toward nine practical anti-drug policies, but they had high evaluation and support toward the policy of clinical treatment of drug abuse. Juveniles show that the most important factors to refrain drug were “support from family”, ”alienation from drug abuse relationship”, and “tough mind”. These rusluts show that juveniles tend to admit that the most important things to refrain drug abuse is the tough mind of themselves and the support from their family. It is also important to make a drug-free environmet to prevent juveniles started drug abuse.