高中職同儕間霸凌行為及其因應策略之研究－－以花蓮地區為例

The Research on Bullying Behaviors and Coping Strategies in peers——Example of High Schools in Hualien

「霸凌」已成為校園中熱列關切之議題，在各求學階段中，高中職發生霸凌的頻率僅次於國中，而高職發生暴力霸凌事件高於高中。因此，本研究以高中職生為研究對象，嘗試了解現行花蓮地區霸凌現況及學生因應策略，並提出建議與因應策略。本研究採問卷調查法對花蓮地區高中職生595名進行調查。據研究結果顯示，該地區高中職生以「言語霸凌」最多，「網路霸凌」最少。結果也發現，約16%的學生是被霸凌者，11%的學生是霸凌者，24%的學生是霸凌/被霸凌者。多數學生在面對此等事件以「問題解決」類的因應策略最多，使用「忽視」類頻率最少，被霸凌者採取「壓抑退縮」和「忽視」類的因應策略較多。從不同面向加以探討，可得知處於班級/學校氣氛良好環境下的學生，因應策略較正向。相較之下，處於班級/學校氣氛較差，且老師要同學自行處理同儕衝突的男學生，發生霸凌或被霸凌的可能性較女生大。本研究對學校和班級經營方面提出四點建議：1、對學生採用民主的管教方式；2、老師處理同儕間衝突事件應秉持公平公正之態度，或全班共同討論處理方式；3、營造溫暖、和諧、友善和樂於協助的氣氛；4、教導恰當的因應策略及霸凌認知。對於學生方面，本研究提出三點建議：1、增加對霸凌的認識；2、學習恰當的因應策略；3、培養「同理心」，以減少霸凌行為之發生與傷害。

According to the findings demonstrated that “verbal bully” is the most and the”e-bully” is the least among high school students in Hualien. The result also showed that 16% of students are bullied, 11% are bully, 24% of students are the bully/victims. Most of students selected the “problem-solving” strategies to face bully, and the fewest coping strategies is “neglect”. A lot of bullied adopt “repression” and “neglect” to face bully. When students in class or school with good climate, they will take the positive strategies to face that. Comparatively, boys in a class or school with bad atmosphere and are asked to deal with conflict by themselves will be more likely to bully or be bullied than girls. Therefore, there are four suggestions to the school and class. First, discipline students democratically. Second, teacher deals with the conflict between peers fairly, or all the students discuss the thing together. Third, create an atmosphere of warmth, harmony, kindliness and willing to help others. Fourth, teach appropriate coping strategies and awareness of bully. Furthermore, there are three suggestions to students. First, increase understanding of “what is bully” and the effect of bully. Second, learn proper coping strategies. Third, develop “empathy”.