少年網路霸凌被害因素研究－－以日常活動理論分析

A Study on the Causes of Cyberbullying Victimization in Adolescence-The Approach of Routine Activity Theory

網路霸凌目前在少年之間逐漸流行，少年網路被害事件也逐漸增多。過去對網路霸凌的實證研究中指出被害者之日常生活方式與其遭遇被害有關聯，不過多半是對網路霸凌的現象面作探討，無法對網路霸凌和日常活動理論的關聯作更深入研究。為了彌補這個缺口，本研究即嘗試以日常活動理論的三要素：「潛在的加害者」、「適合的標的物」、「具有能力的監控者不在」，試圖了解網路霸凌的被害因素，並質性研究取向，在現象學的觀點下進行探索性研究，針對事件的被害者、加害者、未成年旁觀者與成年監控者，共收集了十三份文本進行分析。本研究發現網路霸凌起源於現實生活中的紛爭，被害者與加害者習慣使用網路溝通選項來發展社交關係與解決衝突。加害者經過理性選擇後進行霸凌，但是沒有顧慮到行為後果。部分加害者利用網路的匿名性與便利性，掩飾身分與隨時隨地騷擾被害者。加害者利用網路所散佈的訊息，可能引發網路上不特定多數之人幫助參與霸凌。網路的高私密性使監控者無法在第一時間處理霸凌，所以對少年網路正當使用的教育與輔導也就更形重要。最後歸納出日常活動理論在解釋網路霸凌被害因素時的合適度與侷限，並對防治網路霸凌提出具體的建議，作為預防網路霸凌時的參考。

Cyberbullying has become much more common in recent years. The purpose of this study was to realize the experiences of cyberbullying of juvenile and use Routine Activity Theory to analyze these experiences. This research utilized qualitative research method, and the data was collected by in depth interview . First, the researcher used an interview outline to conduct the data collection. Secondly, juvenile who have experienced cyberbullying, guardians of juvenile who have experienced cyberbullying were selected to be major participants through purposeful sampling. Last but not least, after retrieving abundant and precious data from the interviews, the researcher use Routine Activity Theory to analyze the data with three requirements: a motivated offender, a suitable target, and absence of capable guardians. By analyzing the data, the researcher have induced these results respectively: A、When motivated offenders and suitable targets have conflicts off-line, they often have conflicts on-line later. B、Motivated offenders and suitable targets both ues blog and MSN very often. C、Motivated offenders cyberbully suitable targets because internet is convenient for them to hide from capable guardians and access to suitable targets. D、Motivated offenders ignore the after effects of cyberbullying, and suitable targets don’t know the coping strategies. Routine Activity Theory can’t explain cyberbullying: A、Guardians can’t help suitable targets of cyberbullying at the very first moment. B、Motivated offenders and suitable targets don’t have to fight face to face. From the result, the researcher gives some advice for guardians, and juvenile: A、To pay much attention to personal life of juvenile. B、To educate and train motivated offenders and suitable targets to have correct on-line habits, and to educate juvenile how to deal with cyberbullying.