臺灣青少年藥物濫用防治政策之評析

An Evaluation of the Policy on Juvenile Drug Abuse Prevention in Taiwan

為因應日益嚴重的毒品與藥物濫用問題，目前反毒政策主軸已轉向著重降低毒品需求，以「拒毒」防止新的毒品施用人口產生、以「戒毒」減少原有毒品施用人口，並加強青少年藥物濫用防治工作。本文藉由政策規劃與相關研究報告，以檢視分析臺灣青少年藥物濫用防治策略之現況，並藉由召開2次焦點團體座談，以瞭解青少年藥物濫用防治策略之現況與問題。繼而以文獻分析方式，彙整國際間對青少年藥物濫用防治政策之建議、指導原則與架構。最後整合臺灣青少年藥物濫用防制政策之問題，以及國際間對青少年藥物濫用防制政策之建議，對青少年藥物濫用防制政策提出規劃與建議。研究發現，臺灣拒毒預防工作所設立的核心工作項目雖然包含教育、輔導、早期發現早期介入的預防藥物濫用為核心理念，但相較於聯合國UNODCCP與美國NIDA對青少年藥物濫用預防工作的原則與建議，臺灣對於青少年藥物濫用預防工作卻僅以學校反毒教育宣導為核心，以校園安全的觀點處理有藥物濫用危險的青少年，未能以健全青少年成長的理念，協助青少年身心發展，並將網絡延伸至家庭教育與社區。本文最後並依據臺灣目前毒品防制工作現況，提出拒毒預防工作的數點建議。

In response to the problems of drug abuse, the principles of anti-drug policies have been transferred to decreasing the demand of drugs, to fighting against drugs with the purpose of preventing new drug users, and to treating drug users. In addition, juvenile drug abuse prevention is highlighted. In an attempt to explore the status quo and problems of the strategies targeting juvenile drug abuse prevention in Taiwan, relevant research projects were collected and analyzed. Two sessions of focus group interviews were also held. Then, the present study conducted a literature review regarding international anti-drug policies in the juvenile population to sum up the suggestions, guidelines, and frameworks. Hence, comparison between Taiwan and the international communities can be made. Results have shown that the juvenile drug abuse prevention in Taiwan focused mainly on school-based anti-drug education although some core concepts, such as education, guidance, and secondary prevention, were included as well. Furthermore, by comparison with the guidelines and suggestions of the UNODCCP and the NIDA, in which the perspective of developmental stages of juveniles was strongly embraced, the concept of school safety was rooted in Taiwan in addressing drug problems among juveniles. Namely, both the developmental perspective on juveniles and strengthening the protective networks in family and communities are deficient in the existing polices. As a result, based on the status quo of strategies aimed at juvenile drug abuse prevention in Taiwan, the authors make several suggestions for future policy development.