少年矯正學校收容少年對非行原因之認知研究

Causal Perception of Juvenile Delinquency: Samples from Correctional High Schools in Taiwan

本研究以新竹誠正中學與高雄明陽中學之收容學生為對象，以自編之非行原因認知問卷為工具，進行研究，主要目的為瞭解收容學校內之收容青少年對非行原因之一般性認知及比較。研究時間為2008年4月中旬至5月中旬。共回收誠正中學198份，明陽中學255份。合計453份（回收率：98.50%）。研究結果如下：一、本研究以自編問卷64題為工具對收容少年進行施測後，將收容少年對少年非行原因之認知抽取出五個向度共16個因子，並獲得良好之指標確認。二、本研究之作答指導語為「您認為發生非行行為的少年會有哪一些個人性格上的特徵？」經過20位接受假日輔導的少年的預試分析，其中19位少年表示如此的詢問方式能夠誘導受測者以「一般非行現象」作為回答時的參考，而非自身的非行經驗。三、非行少年對於非行原因的認知傾向於較為重視來自於外在環境影響上的因素，其中尤其又以家庭以及社區對少年行為的監督功能弱化、社會大環境對少年的負面影響等較為重視。

The main purpose of the present study was investigating causal perceptions of juvenile delinquency of samples from the Ming Yang and Cheng Jheng correction high schools by questionnaire we conducted. The data was collected from April to May, 2008. 198 participants were from Ming Yang and 255 were from Cheng Jheng correction high schools, totally we got samples of 453. The main results of the present study were: 1. We used the 64items questionnaire of 5 causal dimensions of juvenile delinquency. The 5 causal dimensions were personality, family, school and education, residential environment, and social environment. 2. By using the priority test, 19 of 20 participants reflected that the questionnaire can lead them thinking about the causal perception in a neutral way in stead of their own deliquency experiences. 3. Participants tended to emphasize the environmental causes of juvenile delinquency, not the personality causes. We explained that this perception tendency may due to the observer-actor divergent attribution.