青少年毒品戒治者對藥物濫用之認知、態度、行為與因應方式研究

A qualitative study of knowledge, attitude, practice, and coping regarding drugs amongst adolescent drug offenders

青少年濫用藥物對於個人、家庭與社會都有很大的負面影響。過去台灣地區對於青少年藥物使用之相關研究多以在校學生為研究對象，同時青少年因為使用藥物期限尚短，透過藥物防治教育與諮商的效果較成人好；因此，本研究針對少年戒治犯進行質性焦點團體訪談，探討他們對於藥物的認知、態度與行為，並且評估其如何因應高危險情境。焦點團體質性訪談由擁有質性研究經驗的兩位碩士級人員帶領，對談主題包括建立關係、初次使用藥物的危險情境與認知、使用藥物可能產生的影響或結果、家庭以及使用毒品相關因應。最後共徵得45位青少年受訪者，10位青少女及35位青少年組成7個焦點團體訪談，資料分析是將訪談內容謄寫為逐字稿並經由研究人員重複確認資料準確性，再進行內容分析。依據訪談資料，本研究主要結果為青少年家人有使用藥物、以為俱樂部藥物使用不會成癮、藥頭會以免費及可以解決煩惱來說服青少年用藥，青少年對於使用藥物的結果感到懊悔。因此，本研究建議加強育青少年有關俱樂部藥物成癮狀況；發現青少年家中有家人使用藥物時，應及時針對家中青少年進行心理諮商，減少使用的可能性；並研發藥頭引誘用藥相關宣導手冊，加強青少年辨識危險情境，以及加強「say NO」的行為技能。

Drug abuse among adolescents has major negative impacts not only on themselves and families, but also whole society. Previous reseach focused more on school pupils. In addition, results in the literature on adolescents found that duration of drug use is often short and the problem of drug abuse can be more effectively treated. Hence, this study intends to investigate knowledge, attitudes, practices and coping strategies related to illcit drug use and dealers among adolescent drug offenders in correctional facilities. Focus group discussions were employed and leaded by two experienced interviewers. Interview content included several topics: cognition, attitudes, and coping towards club drugs, their first drug use history and situation, consequences of using drugs, and copings of using drugs. A total of 45 young people (10 females and 35 males) who used illicit drugs were recruited and seven focus groups were formed. Before doing content analysis, the transcripts were translated verbatim by research members who double-checked the transcript content for validity. According to discussions, this study results are that family member used drugs, perceptions of no addiction effect of club drugs, dealers offering free drugs as an effective solusion to adolescents, and consequences of using drugs were associated with use of illicit drugs. Based on our findings, we suggest (1) to enhance drug-related education so that adolescents can have more knowledge about addiction and effects of club drugs; (2) if a family member was found using drugs, this adolescent should be offered counseling to reducing the possibility of using drugs; (3) develop club drug education phamphelet to empower adolescents identifying risk situations related to the drug dealers, and practice “say NO” skills.