前往東、西洋：〈宇內形勢圖〉解析及其地緣政治想像

Spatial Configuration and Geopolitical Imagination of Yu Yong-he's Map

近年學界在十九世紀文獻《蘭苕館外史》找到一幅輿圖，據載出自郁永河的《裨海紀遊》，此圖的出現引起一些問題，促使我們重新關注《裨海紀遊》的版本與文本內容，特別是郁永河除了描述來臺見聞之外，他對清初東亞海域世界的觀察角度與內容亦值得重視。從文本內容與敘事結構來看，此一輿圖與《裨海紀遊》所附〈宇內形勢〉一文相關，且部分內容與《裨海紀遊》其他諸稿的文字雷同或概念相似，可以認為是郁永河同時代的作品，甚至是郁永河的作品，反映十七、十八世紀之際的地理知識與東亞海域形勢。其次，此一輿圖與〈宇內形勢〉均沿襲明末的東、西洋地理知識架構，再寫入十七、十八世紀之際的新知識、新形勢，呈現了對臺灣、咬叭、呂宋、英圭黎等地的關注。其空間關係不是依循自然地理如潮流、季風、島群分布，亦非受限於交通技術條件，如遠近、險阻與否，而是顯現1684年（康熙23）清朝開放海禁後，閩南海商的商業運作網絡以及他們對東亞海域的認識與關注。

A traditional Chinese map, documented as the work of Yu Yong-he (郁永河), was found in a nineteenth-century book. Such discovery brought up new issues concerning the authorship and content of the map. For example, is it really drawn by Yu Yong-he? Does it reveal the geographical concept of the early Qing Empire? Through examining different versions of Pi-hai Ji-you (《裨海紀遊》) and analyzing the text and narrative structure of the map, the author argues that the map reflects the Chinese perspective on the trade and geopolitical situation of East Asian Seas and offers insight into the marine geography in the beginning of the eighteenth century. Moreover, the map contains both old and new geographical knowledge. Its spatial configuration had its basis on the so-called 'eastern-western ocean (東、西洋)' knowledge framework, which originated from the Ming Dynasty; and its text was a symbolic representation of a new Minnan (閩南) maritime commercial network after the opening of maritime trade by the Qing Dynasty in 1684.