唐、蘭風書中有關鄭氏政權瓦解的訊息及其傳日經過

The Transmission of Chinese and Dutch News Reports to Japan regarding the Fall of the Zheng Regime in Late Seventeenth Century

本文的目的，係以1683年到1685年為範圍，根據唐船風說書以及荷蘭風說書，考察鄭氏政權瓦解的訊息流傳至日本的過程。不論是唐船風說書或是荷蘭風說書，都是長崎的唐通事及荷蘭通詞聽各個船員的口述，而以日文寫下的紀錄。從中國各地甚或東南亞來日本的唐船，帶來有關鄭氏政權瓦解過程的詳細資訊。部分唐船風說書的內容，會被後來的唐船修正，各船之間為了博取長崎奉行的好感而互相競爭，像這樣的例子非常多。另外，鄭氏政權所在地東寧的相關訊息則被限制外流，所以只有從東寧出港的船隻才可能獲得東寧方面的情報。此外，唐船風說書中，有時也有以類似邸報或小報等的「迴書」消息做為訊息來源。與此相對，荷蘭風說書的資訊則由荷蘭東印度公司的船隻所帶來。該公司為了要取信於日本，不太會修正之前船隻傳達的消息，這是該公司為了確保獲得日本幕府的信賴而採取的一貫方針。該公司因為在中國並沒有據點，所以在這段期間對臺灣發生的事情並不清楚。因此，對於鄭氏政權的瓦解過程僅傳達了簡略的訊息，有時甚至也會出現錯誤的資訊。

This paper examines how the fall of the Zheng regime was reported to Japan through Tosen fusetsugaki (Chinese News Reports) and Oranda fusetsugaki (Dutch News Reports) from 1683 to 1685. These news reports were compiled in Japanese by the bakufu interpreters according to the interviews with the crews on Chinese junks and Dutch ships. Chinese junks from various parts of China, and even from Southeast Asia, reported the details of the downfall of the Zheng family. With new information brought in by arriving junks, previous news reports were updated. There were many such examples, reflecting competition among the junks for the favor of the Nagasaki magistrates. The Zheng family had imposed strict control on the outflow of information from their capital; hence, only junks sailing directly from the Zheng capital could report about events there. Chinese News Reports sometimes had their source of information from kaisho or teiho, a kind of official Chinese newspaper. In contrast, the Dutch East India Company (VOC) vessels were the only Dutch ships allowed to call at Nagasaki. The VOC carefully relayed the same consistent information to the Japanese; hence, the news reports were never amended. This was a Dutch strategy to maintain the trust of the bakufu. Having no base in China, the VOC had little information about events in Taiwan. As a result, the Dutch news reports contained only fragmented information, and even unsubstantiated and incorrect rumors.