清代噶瑪蘭族名制初探

Analyzing the Naming System of Kavalan People in Qing Dynasty

臺灣平原地帶的原住民族（平埔族），由於與外界頻繁接觸、互動，到清代已嚴重漢化，使我們難以瞭解其傳統文化。不過，文獻留下頗多平埔族群的傳統名字，而學者認為命名制，尤其是聯名制度與婚姻、親屬等概念有關。因此研究平埔各族的命名方式，也許可以增益我們對各族傳統文化的瞭解。本研究即企圖分析整理文獻所見噶瑪蘭人的名字，以重建噶瑪蘭族傳統命名方式，並從而得到瞭解其傳統社會文化的線索。初步結論如下：一、噶瑪蘭人採「襲祖名兼創新名制」，有跨社、跨時代廣泛使用的名字，同時各社各有獨特的名字，也不斷創新名字。命名時，通常男女有別；襲名對象則尚未制度化。二、噶瑪蘭人採「親子聯名制」，於己名之後聯親名，偏向聯父名；三、其偏向聯父名，應屬傳統文化的表現，而不是受到漢人的影響。

During Qing rule, frequent contact and interaction with Han immigrants had causedplains aborigines to be much sinicized, making it hard to trace their traditional culture.However, historical documents contain a lot of traditional names of plains aborigines.Research into these names, and in particular, how the naming system was related to theconcepts of marriage and kinship would increase our understanding of their traditional culture. Through analyzing names of the Kavalans, one of the plains aboriginal tribes, recorded in historical documents, this study attempted to reconstruct their longestablished naming system, which would shed light on their traditional culture.Several conclusions can be drawn from the analysis. First, the Kavalan people in Qing Dynasty had names both inherited from ancestors and newly created. Some names were commonly used by different tribal groups, while some were unique to a certain tribe; and new names were constantly created. There was clear gender distinction in names used, with only several that could be used by both sexes. The Kavalan people often named their children after close kin. Second, the Kavalan people adopted 'the patronymic naming system'. In other words, their names were patronymic with the father's name added as a suffix. Finally, such practice of the Kavalan people was taken as their tradition, not the result of Han influence.