戰後新興工業化國家的技術移轉：以臺灣造船公司為個案分析

The Technology Transfer of Newly Industrialized Countries after Post-war: The Taiwan Shipbuilding Corporation as Example

本研究係以戰後初期臺灣造船公司如何繼承日治時期的臺灣船渠株式會社，並藉由引進國外技術發展造船業之過程予以考察。1957年，政府將臺灣造船公司廠房租賃給美國殷格斯公司後，曾一度建造大型油輪；惟因公司虧損而於1962年交由經濟部經營管理。1965年，臺灣造船公司引進日本石川島播磨重工業株式會社的技術後，造船部門的業績得到顯著成長。然而，當時主要零組件多仰賴國外進口，在成本居高不下的情形下，使得造船部門虧損連連。尤有進者，1980年代後，臺灣造船業雖已具備較為成熟的技術與較高的自製率，卻因政府未能建立對船東有利的購買條件，以致無法取得參與國際造船市場的訂單，導致其成長的中挫。此一發展歷程，充分顯示國家在工業化過程中的關鍵性地位，其政策上的侷限將同時限制產業發展之事實。

This paper focused on exploring how the Taiwan Shipbuilding Corporation (TSC) took over shipbuilding business from the Taiwan Dockyard Company of the Japanese colonial era, and how TSC imported foreign technology on shipbuilding in the early post-war years. In 1957, TSC rented its shipyards to Ingalls Shipbuilding Company of USA, and then switched to engage in building large oil tankers. However, TSC suffered great losses owing to mismanagement of fund. Finally, in 1962, the Ministry of Economic Affairs had to take over the management of the corporation. In 1965, TSC imported technology from Ishikawashima-Harima Heavy Industries Corporation of Japan, and the shipbuilding division attained outstanding achievements. Nevertheless, over-reliance on imported parts and raw materials led to increasing costs, which turned profits into losses. Although Taiwan's technology in shipbuilding had become well developed after the 1980s, the government failed to create a competitive edge for shipbuilders or offer favorable purchase terms for ship owners. It was thus impossible for TSC to gain a foothold in the international market, which undermined its growth. Tracing TSC's path of development revealed the critical role played the government in fostering industrialization, and the fact that shortcomings in government policies in turn limited industrial growth.