軍需產業與邊區政策：臺拓在東臺灣移民事業的轉向

Industries of Military Supplies and Changes in Frontier Immigration Policy: Immigration Coordinated by Taiwan Development Company in Eastern Taiwan during Wartime

過去以來，「日本化東臺」政策一直是討論日本殖民治理東臺灣的主要論述。然而，昭和12年（1937）以後，國策會社臺灣拓殖株式會社在東臺灣的本島人（臺灣漢人）移民事業，卻顯現戰時東臺灣移民政策產生重大轉向。臺拓之所以一反過去移入日本內地人移民的殖民方針，轉而著力於本島人移民，理由有二。一是日治初期以來日本人官營移民事業成效不彰，導致內地化東臺計畫的破滅；二是戰時東部棉花和苧麻等軍需產業開發與南洋擴張之需。臺拓在東臺灣的移民事業，是東臺灣移民史上規模最大的本島人移民。在臺拓的引導之下，1930年代中葉以降不但該地出現本島人移民潮，也是本島人再度向南洋移民的試金石。

Japanization'has always been the focus of discussion on Japanese rule in eastern Taiwan. However, after 1937, the Taiwan Development Company(TDC), a govern-ment body, became involved in immigration of Han Taiwanese on the island, rather than citizens from Japan, indicating a change in immigration policy in eastern Tai-wan during wartime. Two reasons accounted for such change. One was the failure of immigration ventures launched by the Japanese colonial government, which render-ed the goal of Japanization impossible. The other was the development of military supply industries such as cotton and ramie as well as the need for territorial expan-sion in Southeast Asia.