從隘勇線到駐在所：日治時期李崠山地區理蕃設施之變遷

From Barrier Defense Lines to Stationary Offices: The Evolution of Managing the Aborigines in the Mt. Li-tung area during the Japanese Colonial Rule

從整理李崠山地區警察機關瑣碎繁雜的變動更迭過程出發，本文擬探討日治時期臺灣山地的兩組理蕃設施：隘勇線與駐在所，釐清其構成、實質建設與變遷歷程，並解析二者在配屬佈設的地點上、規模上、設施上、實質建設上有何異同之處；同時配合對李崠山地區隘勇線、駐在所的現況調查，來討論這些理蕃設施的建置對臺灣山地空間結構上產生的影響。臺灣北部桃園、新竹山地之基層理蕃機構的變遷過程，是由隘勇線系統轉變為駐在所系統，亦可視為臺灣總督府「開發」並有效統治臺灣山地的縮影。1910年代佈設於山稜上的隘勇線，一方面是圍堵、切割未降服原住民的防衛線，一方面也成為官廳力量從平地深入蕃地的動線，沿著山稜深入並切割原住民的獵場、耕地與部落，阻斷各族群、各部落的聯繫。瓦解原住民的反抗後，一方面仍以隘勇線維持警備，一方面則於重要部落設置駐在所，對原住民施以柔性的教化撫育，同時興建沿著溪谷山腰繞行的警備道路，貫穿山地諸部落。1920年代警備道路與改良自隘勇線作戰經驗、兼具教化與警備機能的「集團化據點式」駐在所，逐漸取代了隘勇線，配合集團移住政策，廣大山地遂轉變為以繞行溪谷的警備道路為骨幹、以警官駐在所為集中核心的新部落，徹底地改變了山地的空間結構。

Beginning with the treatment of the police agency and its tedious changes and complex evolution in the Mt. Li-tung area, the paper attempts to study two types of aboriginal management facilities in Taiwan's mountainous region during the Japanese colonial rule-namely, the barrier defense lines and the stationary offices. It delineates their structures, real constructions, and the process of changes. It analyzes the similarities and differences of their locations, scales, deployments and actual buildings. In conjunction with on-the-spot investigation of Mt. Li-tung's barrier defense lines and stationary offices, the paper discusses the influences of such aborigional-management facilities upon the space structure of Taiwan's mountainous region. During the course of managing and pacifying the aborigines in Northern Taiwan's Tao-yuan and Hsin-chu mountains, the Taiwan Government-general changed its policy from the earlier barrier defense lines to the later stationary offices, which is microcosmic of the colonial government's 'opening up' and effective rule of Taiwan's mountainous region. In 1910, the Japanese rulers first erected the barrier defense line in the hilly area to not only contain and isolate the unsubdued aboriginals, but to also pave the way for extending their jurisdiction into the aboriginal region. Utilizing such policing facilities, they were able to divide up the hunting grounds, arable lands and tribal boundaries of the aborigines, and to also cut off communication among various ethnic and tribal groups. After smashing the aboriginal resistance, the Japanese colonial government continued to use the barrier defense lines for garrison, but soon began to install stationary offices among the major tribes. It used guile and other inducements to 'civilize' the aborigines while simultaneously built roads along the rivers and valleys, facilitating a transportation network among various tribes. By 1920, the stationary offices--which were charged to civilize and to guard the aborigines, had replaced the barrier defense lines. And as the Japanese garrison forces concentrated at the newly established stationary offices, the garrison roads gradually turned into the backbone of the vast mountain region while the stationary offices ultimately evolved to become the nucleus of the newly restructured tribes. Such phenomena completely and drastically transformed the space structure of Taiwan's mountainous region.