「牽手Khan-chhiú」來看臺灣世界史－－從臺灣歷史慣用語論大福佬文化圈概念

Within the Cultural Field of Holo People: Study on the Etymology of Taiwanese Khan-chhiú

本文以考臺灣歷史慣用語「牽手Khan-chhiú」的名源為主軸，認為「牽手」語源並非來自臺灣原住民語，且於南島語的可能性非常低。牽手一語，應為福建漳泉人民在海洋世界與各民族相會過程中所創出的新詞，語源是漳泉語，但並不排除源自西班牙語casar／casarse的可能性。為何臺灣人會把牽手視為臺灣番語，與清代初期宦游文人所書寫的圖像脫不了關係。清人的敘述，多少有將臺灣視為「雙重番境」之傾向，臺灣人在後來卻將他者認識內化為自我世界觀。本文因此認為臺灣歷史慣用語的語源研究不宜太偏執於南島語或荷蘭語，必須回到漳泉語系族群與日本人、葡西荷等歐洲人交涉的歷史現場，因而進一步提出「大福佬文化圈」的研究概念。福佬（漳泉、潮州）語系應可作為一個歷史時空單元，成為一近代初期臺灣史的究範疇。

The essay reconsiders and verifies the etymology of the word 'Khan-chhiú (牽手)', literally 'hand in hand', an idiom often mentioned in Taiwan history. The origin of the term 'Khan-chhiú' is not form the language of the Taiwan indigenous people, but possibly a new word created by the over seas Changchou (漳州) and Choanchou (泉州) people in the historical and cultural process of their encountering with other nations during the early modern period. While in all probability, the etymology of 'Khan-chhiú' is Chang-Choan language, we should not exclude other possiblities, such as the Spanish word casar or casarse. But then, why did the Taiwanese believe the word 'Khan-chhiú' was originated from Taiwan's indigenous people? It was mainly due to the writing and presentation of Taiwan by scholars and officials in the Ch'ing dynasty. They were inclined to see Taiwan as a 'double savage land'; however, this understanding of 'otherness' had been accepted by the Taiwanese themselves as their world view. Therefore, the etymological study of Taiwanese historical idioms should not just pay attention to the Austronesian lanaguages or Dutch. On the contrary, we should trace back to a historical stage on which the Changchou and Choanchou peoples, encountering and mingling with the Japanese and the Europeans. The essay further presents a research concept called 'the cultural field of the Holo people.' Such a broad Holo language, including Changchou, Choanchou and Chaochou (潮州), can be viewed as a historical cultural field for studying the scope of early modern Taiwan history.