臺灣科技政策的先導：吳大猷與科導會

Planning Science and Technology in Taiwan: WU Ta-you and the Commission for Science Development

臺灣開始研訂全面性的科學政策，始自一九六七年「國家科學發展指導委員會」（簡稱科導會）的成立。該會的創設，來自於當時總統蔣中正的主動領導，與以往學者倡議鼓吹政府規劃科學，無論在格局規模、思想理念或發展方向方面，均大不相同。感受總統「知遇之恩」，間歇回國主持科導會的吳大猷，一開始就確定一個從「國家」的觀點來談科學的基本原則，不再侷限於學術的觀點，而是從國家社會的需要（如教育、經濟、國防等方面），來制訂全盤的政策，擬定長期的計畫。國家如何規劃科學發展？科導會所確定的基本政策是否合宜？所研擬的藍圖對臺灣科學發展有無功效？本文是臺灣科技發展系列研究之一環，旨在探究所謂「國家建設」與科學奠基的關係，及其在國防科技、工業研究方面所引發的爭議。

The appearance of science policy in Taiwan started in 1967, when the Commission for science Development (CSD) was organized under the National Security Council. Founded by President Chiang Kai-shek, the principles and organization of the CSD differed from previous efforts in promoting science by academics such as Hu Shih and Wang Shih-chieh. Wu Ta-you, who was invited by the President to direct the CSD, drafted a long-term plan for scientific development from the viewpoint of 'national need' instead of 'academic independence'. Based upon the American model, his emphasis on basic research caused arguments about the priority of applied science. Was the top-down policy of CSD suitable for Taiwan's society? This paper explores the relationship between basic science and so-called national construction, and its effect on controversies about national defense and industrial research.