臺獨叛亂的虛擬與真實－－一九六一年蘇東啟政治案件研究

Fact and Fiction in a Revolt in Taiwan - The Case of the Su Tong-ch'i Political Incident in 1961

臺灣解除戒嚴並經九○年代國會全面改選以後，政府對長期戒嚴期間有關叛亂案罪諜案的「不當審判」，成立基金會予以審查補償。然而金錢的補償是比較表面的平，真正的反省應該建基於廣泛而深入的研究和討論，本文針對一九六一年的蘇東啟政治案件究明真相，檢討問題，盼有助於臺灣社會的真正反省。作者先以公元二○○○年完成的口述訪談資料為基礎，進一步參閱國史館的《蔣中正檔案》、檔案管理局所收藏有關蘇東啟的檔案以及國防部史政編譯室的《黃杰將軍任職警總工作日記》，發現蘇東啟政治案與一九六○年的雷震案密切關連，其偵辦雖由警備總部主重，但牽連遲圍是否於「幕後操縱」的高玉樹等人？覆判的刑度是否適當？最後皆由蔣介石親自核定，顯示本案濃濃的政治色彩。其次，涉案的50名被告中，有16名是以「意圖以非法之方法真覆政府而著手實行」科以重刑，亦即以是否參加三月九日所謂的武裝革命作為判準，本文透過當事人的口述資料重建三九事件的歷史，加上前述官方檔案所呈現的蘇案面貌，訴有助於史真相的釐清以及白色恐怖實質問題的理解。

In the wake of both the lifting of curfew imposed by the martial law and the holding of full-scale National Assembly elections during the 1990s, the government in Taiwan has established a foundation to review and compensate all those who had suffered from 'miscarriages of justice' under the charge of either being members of a rebellion or CCP agents in the long-lasting curfew. However, monetary compensation is just an apparent form of restorative justice, and what should really be called for is a genuine reflection on the basis of a comprehensive and profound study and discussion, to which the present article is devoted as part of such an overall effort. By taking the Case of the SU Tong-ch'i Political Incident in 1961 as an example by scrutinizing the details and examining the issues involved, it is hoped that this article will contribute to the ongoing reflection in the society of Taiwan as a whole. The article begins with various related materials gathered in an oral history project completed in 2000, which are then augmented by a cross reference with the Chiang Kai-shek Archives in Academia Historica, the Case Material on Su Tong-ch'i in the Archives Bureau, and the Working Diary of General Huang Jieh on Duty at the Police Headquarters in the History and Political Affairs Editing and Translation Office at Ministry of Defense, etc. It is first found that the Su-Tong-ch'i Incident was closely related to that of Lei Chen in 1960, in that although the Police Headquarters took the initiative both in carrying out investigation and in putting forward the charge therewith, there were such issues as to the extension of the scope of involvement for the 'manipulators behind the scene' in the persons of Gao Yu-shu, etc., and as to the appropriateness or correctness of the judgment of punishment, etc. One thing for sure, however, is that the final decision was determined and ratified by no other person than Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek himself. This clearly means that the case had a very strong political connotation. Secondly, sixteen out the intention to overthrow the government with illegal means' and punished with heavy penalties, in the light of whether they took part in the so-called March Ninth Incident, the main constituent event in the Su Tong-ch i' Incident. This article attempts a necessary reconstruction of the March Ninth Incident by means of oral histories given by those personally involved, in addition to the facets as presented by official and court archives, with a view to showing that this endeavor will definitely help the clarification of historical facts as well as our understanding of real issues during the period of the 'White Terror.'