日治時期使用於臺灣建築上彩磁的研究

The Research on the Usage on Decorative Tile for Decoration on the Architecture in Taiwan during Japanese Occupation Era

戰前臺灣、澎湖地區所建築的傳統民居上，或在日治時期的近代建築中，或在一部份的傳統傢俱上，常有鑲嵌裝飾磁磚出現，而這些磁磚95％以上都是日本所製造的產品，其樣式為抄襲英國維多利亞（Victorian）樣式，在日本即稱此類磁磚為馬約利卡磁磚（Majolica Tile）。製造時代約在日本大正初期（一九一○年代）到昭和初期（一九三○年代），在臺灣建築史上使用期間為一九二○至四○年左右的二十年間。磁磚在近代建築中，是可判定建築年代的建材之一，臺灣傳統民宅中也曾大量使用裝飾性磁磚，這些裝飾用磁磚在什麼時候製造、設計、有什麼特徵等等，對於近代建築的實際保存與再利用有無法切割的關係。甚至對於同時期建築相對的評價及時代的判定、延伸其特色以便再利用時，都占非常重要之地位。本研究以臺灣本島、澎湖地區為研究範圍，實地調查現存之有使用馬約利卡磁磚之建築，探討在臺灣地區所發現之馬約利卡磁磚的樣式、種類、製造公司、年代、技法及圖紋意義等等，以期日後對於近代及傳統建築物的年代判定及實際保存再利用有所參考依據。

Before World War II, the inlayed decorative tiles often appeared on the traditional houses in Taiwan and Penghu district. It is also easy to be seen on the traditional furniture and the modern time architecture during the Japanese occupation era. More than 95 percent of these tiles were made in Japan. Most of the tiles imitated the British Victorian Tile style, and were known as Majolica Tile in Japan. The manufacturing time was around the Japanese Taisho period to the beginning of Showa period. Since the manual glazing process would take a long time, the production was forced to stop in Japan after World War II. The Mjaolica Tile was used in the traditional Taiwanses houses and the modern architecture. It was often called the 'Decorative Tile', or known as the 'Color Glazed Tile'. Because of its colorful glazing and the variety of patterns, decorating on the traditional houses has always been eye catching. There are many collectors interested in these tiles, however, not many of them do know when, where, or by whom these tiles were made and how did the maker come out with these designs. Up to today, the research of these tiles in Taiwan architecture is still blank. Tiles are the popular materials for modern architecture; They are different from other architectural materials. Many different kinds of information were written on the backside of the tiles. They could tell us the date when they were made, place where they were made, and by which company that the tiles were produced. Many tiles even have their model number on the back. Therefore, by knowing the information, we would understand more about the story of the tiles, and enable to find out where and how did the tiles come from.