田園將蕪胡不歸？－－戰後廣州地區臺胞處境及返籍問題之研究

Why Don't They Go Back Home? - Research on the Situation of Taiwanese in Canton after the War and the Issue of Their Return

本文主要運用臺北、南京、廣州等地的檔案、報紙史料，輔以各項口述史料、回憶錄等，希望針對戰後廣州地區臺胞處境及返籍問題，進行初步的探討。二次大戰結束後，臺胞在廣州當地立即面臨種種困難，這些困難部分根源於當地社會的敵視與軍政當局遊移不定的政策；但最主要的關鍵在於戰後臺胞身份、地位處於不確定的狀態，完全視當地政府及相關機關的解釋而定。廣州地區由於政出多門，導致情況極為複雜。有人認為臺胞在戰出期間種種作為係受日人壓迫所致，現臺灣既已收回，臺胞亦為國民，過去種種應予以體諒或既往不究；但也有人認為臺籍漢奸必須嚴究，不可使其倖免。中央法令的頒佈，使得臺胞的處境更為惡化。正是在種種困難之下，廣州地區臺胞一面尋求自保與救濟，一面尋求盡快遣送返鄉。同鄉會等團體對臺灣同鄉雖然盡量提供援助，但終究無法長期支持，而臺、粵雙方政府對責任範圍因不同的認知，其間幾經波折，使得候船返鄉的臺胞，徒增生活、心理各方面的痛苦。廣州地區臺胞遭遇的個案，正好反映戰後臺灣從日本殖民地進入中國版圖的新階段，臺胞與大陸人民相處的情形，也是瞭解兩岸關係變遷，一個重要的起點和切入點。

This paper tried making a preliminary study relating to the situation of the Taiwanese in Canton after the war and the issue of their returning to Taiwan by the aid of fi les, newspapers and historical materials in Taipei, Nanking and Canton as well as all other oral historical data and memoirs. Taiwanese in Canton encountered many difficulties shortly after termination of WW II. Basically, such difficulties resulted from the hosti lity of the local society and a swinging and hesitating policy of the martial government authorities. However, the key is that the status or position of the Taiwanese were put at an uncertain or unsteady status, which was subject to the interpretation of the local government and competent a uthorities. As there were many political parties in Canton, the political conditions were relatively complicated at that moment. Some people considered that all acts of Taiwanese during the war were forced by the J apanese, and their acts should be forgiven, because Taiwan had been returned to China and Taiwanese were a lso the nationals of China. However, some considered that the acts of Taiwanese should be heavily punished because they were traitors. With the promulgation of regulations by the Central Government, Taiwanese were in a predicament day after day Under all kinds of difficulty, Taiwanese in Canton sought self-protection and remedy and asked to be sent back to Taiwan. Although the Taiwanese Association in Canton did every effort to extend the help to them, long-term support was impossible. Unfortunately, due to different standpoints in regard to the responsibility between Taiwan's Government and Kwangtung's Government, Taiwanese who were expecting ships for Taiwan suffered a lot fro l11 both carnal and mental anquish. From the experience of Taiwanese in Canton, we can find how Taiwanese got along with the loca l people in Mainland China and it becal11e a new stage when Taiwan, as a Japanese colony, was returned to China after the war. Meanwhile, it is also an il11portant starting point to study the changes in relationship along the Taiwan Strait.