戰時經濟體制下臺灣東部水產業的統制整合－－東臺灣水產會社的成立

The Control and Integration of Eastern Taiwan Fishery under the Wartime Economic System: The Formation of the Eastern Taiwan Fishery Company

一九三○年代末葉，為了解決東臺灣地區長期以來的水產業問題以及戰時經濟體制下開發臺灣東部漁業資源的需要，東臺灣水產株式會社因之成立。有別於過去東部水產會社以各港為單位成立的小資本會社，這個新會社資本額不但達一百萬元，而且一方面超越地方利益，橫向聯結基隆港、蘇澳港、花蓮港、新港等四港漁業資源；另一方面則縱向整合漁獲物的生產、加工製造，以及販賣輪出，採取垂直整合的經營策略。其次，在臺灣總督府協助與勸導之下，東臺灣水產會社的資本來源主要來自日本文產株式會社，而成為日本內地大會社的子會社，經營權則由該會社與在地的日系資本家所操控。由東臺灣水產會社的事業內容與發展軌跡可見，該會社性質一方面具有民間會社私有資本、追求利潤最大的傾向；另一方面業務的發展則完全配合日本殖民地政府政策，因此性質介於民間會社與國策會社之間，應視為準國策會社。最後，東臺灣水產會社的成立，也體現了一九三○年末葉之後，基於戰時統制經濟與達到擴大生產力的目標，殖民地政府引進日資大企業成立整合型的大會社，以獨佔東臺灣的水產資源。另一方面，殖民地時代東部水產業的近代化，事實上遲至戰爭時期，在殖民地政府的操弄下，依賴日系內地大企業而展開。

In the late 1930s, the formation of the Eastern Taiwan Fishery Company (kabushiki kaisha,株式會社incorporated company) was in order to solve the longterm problems of Eastern Taiwan's fishery and exploit Eastern Taiwan's fishery resources under the Wartime Economic System. This new company was different from eastern Taiwan's fishery company with small capital in the past. The total capital investment of this company was one million Japanese dollars. On the one hand, the new company could go beyond the local benefits, connecting the fishery resources of Keelung harbor基隆港, Suao harbor蘇澳港, Hwalien harbor花蓮港and Sin harbor新港transversely. On the otherhand, the company integrated fishing production, manufacturing and export of catches. The main capital of Eastern Taiwan Fishery Company came from Japan Fishery Company, which was persuaded and assisted by the Government-general who controlled the operation of nw company. Additionally, the enterprise's contents and development of Eastern Taiwan Fishery Company demonstrated that the characteristic of a civil company with private capital was to pursue maximum profit, but the business activities totally matched up the policy of Japanese colonial government. Hence, the Eastern Taiwan's fishery Company was not a private company or a national policy company but a would-be national policy company. Finally, the formation of Eastern Taiwan Fishery Company reflected the capitalization process of colonial eastern Taiwan fishery. The process was accomplished through the manipulation of the colonial government and the dependence on Japan's great businesses.