實學教育、鄉土愛與國家認同－－日治時期台灣公學校第三期「國語」教科書的分析

本論文分析日本統治時代臺灣公學校第三期「國語」（日語）教科書《公學校用國語讀本（第一種）》的內容，並探討相關的問題。「國語」是日治時代公學校教學時數最多的課程，第三期讀本使用於一九二三至一九三七年，是五期「國語」教科書中使用時間最長久者，內容較前兩期充實，份量亦大為增加。各種情況顯示，此期的影響可能最為深遠。根據本文的統計，此期的「國語」讀本以實學知識與鄉土教材所佔比例最高，超過與日本相關的課文與愛國教育的教材。本文從日本明治教育發展的角度探討臺灣實學教育的「內地」淵源、日本國定教科書中的鄉土教材，以及鄉土教育運動等課題。本文並對第三期「國語」讀本中的實學課本與鄉土教材作詳細的分類與分析。綜而言之，臺灣公學校「國語」教科書的實學教材重視科學與日用知識，與生活密切相關；鄉土教材則親切而具體，富有濃厚的地方色彩，然僅呈現鄉土而無歷史。本文最後從近代式普遍教育與近代式國家認同之互為依存的角度，探討日治時代公學校教育與臺灣意識之形成的關連。

The present article examines the third edition of 'national language' (Japanese) textbooks used in the elementary schools of colonial Taiwan. 'National language' was the core course of the primary education during the colonial period, and this set of textbooks, used from 1923 to 1937, enjoyed the longest duration among all editions. They were richer than the previous two sets in quality and greater in quantity. Evidence indicates that it had a far-reaching influence on the Taiwanese. In my analysis, a great portion of the readers is devoted to 'practical/scientific knowledge' and 'homeland themes'; lessons listed under these two categories surpass in number those of 'matters related to Japan' and 'patriotic messages'. I discuss the emphasis on practical/scientific knowledge in Taiwan's colonial education against the background of educational developments in Meiji Japan. Local flavor (homeland knowledge) is looked at from perspectives such as educational policies and the homeland education movement in Japan proper. This article offers detailed analyses of the contents of lessons concerning 'practical/scientific knowledge' and 'homeland theme'. In sum, 'practical/scientific knowledge' pays great attention to everyday life, while lessons of 'homeland theme' offer intimate and concrete knowledge about one's home place. However, the history of Taiwan is conspicuously missing in the readers. Given the close and mutual-reinforcing relationship between modern education and national identity, I offer a thesis concerning the origins of the so-called 'Taiwanese consciousness' in colonial Taiwan in light of my research results.