我國上市櫃營造與建設業共同邊界生產力變動分析：投入導向距離函數之應用

A Comparison of the Productivity Changes for the Listed Firms in Taiwan's Construction and Real Estate Industries under a Metafrontier Input Distance Function Framework

本研究以對經濟發展具引導重要性的營建業為研究對象，採用能比較不同生產技術群體的共同邊界投入導向距離函數，探討經營模式有所差異的營造與建設兩次產業公司的共同邊界生產力變動。搜集台灣2000年至2007年24家營造業及59家建設業公司不平衡的縱橫資料，共計561個樣本點，進行迴歸分析後，主要發現如下：首先，營造業公司的生產力指數平均數顯著低於建設業公司；其次，營造業公司規模變動與技術變動均顯著低於建設業公司；第三，營造業公司技術缺口比率變動率顯著大於建設業公司，其中，營造業公司之技術追趕未顯著大於建設業公司，然其生產技術相對於潛在技術水準可以提升的空間顯著比建設業公司大。最後，進一步將技術追趕分解成技術效率追趕及規模追趕兩個要素並加以檢定時，則發現營造與建設業公司間之技術追趕值雖不具顯著差異，然而營造業公司之規模追趕值卻顯著小於建設業公司。綜言之，相對於過去以營造或建設業個別次產業公司為分析對象之文獻，本研究改以營造或建設業合併之資料進行分析，並將焦點延伸至生產力變動及追趕等議題，除可補強營建相關研究文獻之缺口外，或較能提供更具體資訊予企業管理階層，做為擬訂長短期績效評估及經營決策之依據。

This study explores metafrontier productivity index of the so-called'pioneer locomotive in economy＂, i.e., construction and real estate, two industries with dissimilar operational models. The study uses as its tool the metafrontier input distance function, which has the ability to identify and compare different production technology groups. The study investigates the productivity of listed firms in the industry of 24 construction firms and 59 real estate firms in Taiwan, based on 561 samples of panel data from 2000 to 2007. Applying regression analysis led to these findings: (1) construction firms' average productivity index is significantly lower than that of real estate firms; (2) construction firms' scale and technology changes are significantly lower than those of real estate firms; (3) the rate of construction firms' technology gap change is significantly greater, compared to real estate firms. In addition, construction firms' technology catch-up is not significantly greater, however, production technology vis-à-vis room for elevating potential technology levels is significantly greater. Lastly, breaking further technology catch-up into two component elements: technology efficiency catch-up and scale catch-up, this study finds that although there is no marked difference in the technology catch-up index between construction and real estate firms, construction firms' scale catch-up is significantly less than that of real estate firms. To summarize, differentiating from prior studies which for their analyses merely targets individual firms in construction or real estate, this study explores and analyzes pooled and combined data from firms in construction or real estate, and further extends focal issues to include productivity changes and catch-ups. Therefore this study not only serves to strengthen and remedy deficiencies in the existing literature, it also provides firm managers more concrete information on which long and short-term efficiency evaluations and operational decision s may be based.