都市青少年自然經驗發展特質之多個案研究

Analysis of Development of Nature Experiences-Multiple Case Study of Three Urban Adolescents

本文為探討都市青少年自然經驗發展特性之多個案研究，從發展心理學與環境心理學之角度，描述各階段自然經驗之主要內涵、分析相關影響因素，並詮釋各時期自然經驗所反映之個人內在身心發展特質與需求，以補充既有重要生命經驗研究較為缺乏的青少年資料。研究參與者是三位從國小到大學皆擁有持續且豐富自然經驗之都市青少年，受訪時平均年齡為18歲。研究結果發現，三位青少年的自然經驗發展可分為依賴期、啟蒙期、探索期與自主期等階段。各階段之自然經驗受到教育體制與學校資源、社會關係與社會互動、個人身心發展需求等因素影響，而呈現不同的樣態。其中在自然環境的選擇上，表現出從半自然環境到原始環境的變化趨勢，並隨著年齡增長而在活動形式上呈現出高度體能挑戰的偏好。其他有關自然欣賞能力、自然興趣培養、地方依附感發展之現象，則與國外學者所描述的環境經驗發展需求互有異同。本文依據研究成果提出環境教育之實務建議，並指出後續可行的研究方向。

This multiple case studyaimedto describe different periodsof nature experiences of three urban adolescents.We analyzeddevelopmental features,related social and psychological factorsthat influenced contents of nature experiencesin each period. The participants were three18-year-old adolescents on average who had various and continuous nature experiences from childhood tothe second year of university. We collected data fromin-depth interviews, field notes of participatory observation, student journals and school curriculum documents. Afterwards, we usedanalyticalskills of grounded theory to code interview transcripts and compared the resultwith other sorts of data. We foundthat adolescents' development of nature experiences couldbe divided into periods of dependence, enlightenment, exploration and independence. The school policies, parents support, social relationships, psychological needto interact with peers as well aspersonal interest in naturecharacterizedeachperiod. The result also showed that as the age increased,adolescents preferredwild nature and higher challenges in activitiestotamed environments and safe activities.The comparisons were made with the existing studies and suggestions were proposed according to the results and discussions.