NATIONAL SECURITY vs. PRIVACY PROTECTION：RESEARCH ON PRACTICES IN THE UNlTED STATES　AFTER THE SEPTEMBER 11 ATIACKS

國家安全與隱私權保護：以「九一一襲擊事件」以來美國的實踐為視角

作為一個提倡民主、自由和人權的國家，美國對其公民的人權給予了特殊的保護。遺憾的是，美國遭受了九．一一恐怖攻擊。在恐怖襲擊之後，美國立即採取了一系列的舉措以保護國家安全並打擊恐怖主義。2001年頒布的＜＜美國愛國者法案＞＞擴大了美國國家安全機構在監控個人信息方面的權力，而棱鏡監聽項目的曝光更是引起世界與論大嘩。基於此，有學者提出要重新定義國家安全和隱私保護之間的界限。為了解決這一問題，本文就”九．一一襲擊事件”後美國國家安全策略的變化、相關國家機構的設立、相關法律的頒布、以及美國國家安全的發展進行了考察，並對國家安全和隱私保護的關係進行了深入研究，提出了我國針對此類問題的應對策略。筆者認為在國家安全和隱私保護之間不存在沖突，我們需要考量公共利益和傳統價值觀之間的平衡問題。

As a country advocating democracy, freedom, and human rights, the United States pays special attention to protecting the human rights of its citizens. However, the United States suffered the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. After the September 11 attacks, the Unitd States immediately adopted legislative measures and enacted a series of laws. The USA Patriot Act of 2001 enlarged the power of government agencies to monitor personal information for everything from crdit cards to mobile phones. The exposure of the PRISM surveillance program caused uproar in both the United Stats and the world. As a result, more and more scholars have begun to discuss the PRISM surveillance program academically, and some even believe that the boundary between national security and privacy protection should be redefined. In order to solve this issue and redefine the boundary between national security and privacy protection, this article examines the changes of the United States national security strategies, the establishment of relevant national agencies and the development of national security in the United States, discusses the relationship between national security and privacy protection, and proposes countermeasures in China. The author believes that there is no coflict between national security and privacy protection, and this in fact is the balance between public interestst and traditional values.