2012年台灣地區幼兒園幼兒睡眠品質之調查

A 2012 survey of the sleep quality of Taiwanese kindergarten children

目標：本研究旨在瞭解台灣地區幼兒園幼兒睡眠品質之現況，並探討主要照顧者社會人口學變項（年齡、教育程度、家庭月收入）對幼兒睡眠品質（包括：睡眠困擾、睡眠中斷情形、夜間睡眠時數和睡眠潛伏期）的影響。方法：採橫斷式調查，以台灣地區公私立幼兒園的3－6足歲幼兒為研究對象，以分層隨機抽樣方式共回收1,204份有效樣本。研究中採用描述性統計、單因子變異數及多元迴歸進行資料分析。結果：（一）台灣地區幼兒平日的平均夜間睡眠時數為9小時26分，只有11.46％幼兒平日的夜間睡眠時數達10小時以上，於9點（含）前就寢的幼兒只有16.69％。（二）幼兒睡眠困擾的盛行率由高至低依序為說夢話、打鼾、尿床、磨牙、夜驚、夢魘、睡眠呼吸中止症、夢遊。（三）多元迴歸分析結果顯示，主要照顧者之年齡為31－40歲、教育程度為專科（含）以上、家庭月收入達80,001元（含）以上者，其教養之幼兒的睡眠品質較佳，且達統計顯著相關。結論：台灣地區幼兒園幼兒有太晚睡、睡不著和夜間睡眠時數不足的睡眠問題，主要照顧者之年齡、教育程度、家庭月收入與幼兒睡眠品質有顯著關聯性。國內公共衛生相關單位在健康促進生活型態的宣導中，可以加入適當的就寢時間與夜間睡眠時數，特別是學齡前幼兒園的幼兒。

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the sleep quality of Taiwanese kindergarten children by examining the relationship between the primary caretaker's demographic characteristics (age, education, and monthly family income) and the sleep quality (sleep disturbance, sleep disruption, nocturnal sleep duration, and sleep latency) of children. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done of children aged 3-6 years recruited from kindergartens in Taiwan. A stratified random sampling of 1,204 effective samples was collected. The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. Results: (a) The average sleep duration per night on weekdays of young children in Taiwan was 9 hr and 26 min, with only 11.46% of the children getting more than 10 hr per night on weekdays. Only 16.69% of the children had a bedtime by 9 p.m. (b) The types of sleep disturbance (ranked from high to low) in young children were: sleep talking, primary snoring, enuresis, bruxism, sleep terrors, nightmares, obstructive sleep apnea, and sleep walking. (c) Multiple regression analysis revealed that those kindergarten children with better sleep quality had primary caretakers aged 31-40; caregivers with more than a college education; and families with a monthly income of more than NTD 80,001. Conclusions: The sleep problems of Taiwanese kindergarten children included going to bed late, difficulty initiating sleep, and short sleep duration. Primary caretaker age, education, and monthly family income were associated with sleep quality among kindergarten children. Our results suggest that public health strategies focused on promoting healthy lifestyles should include an innovative approach to ensure an adequate bedtime and duration of sleep at night, especially in kindergarten children.