職場暴力盛行率與受僱者健康狀況之相關

The prevalence of workplace violence and its association with the health status of Taiwanese employees

目標：探討職場暴力之分佈與工作者健康及工作滿意度之相關。方法：研究對象為男女性受僱者各9,509與7,777人；以問卷詢問過去一年是否曾遭受職場暴力，區分為肢體暴力、言語暴力、心理暴力及性騷擾四類；並測量睡眠品質、自評健康、情緒困擾以及工作滿意度。結果：男女性受僱者職場暴力盛行率分別為：言語暴力6.80％與7.48％、心理暴力3.39％與4.06％、肢體暴力0.81％與0.48％，以及性騷擾0.38％與1.70％。夜班、輪班、長工時、高工作負荷、高體力負荷高、工作缺乏保障、職場正義低落，是發生職場暴力的危險因子。在控制年齡與上述職場特質後，本研究發現曾遭受職場暴力的受僱者健康狀況較差，包括睡眠品質不佳（男性OR＝2.24，女性2.54）、自評健康不佳（OR＝男性1.95，女性1.97）、情緒困擾（OR＝男性3.25，女性3.04）與工作不滿意（OR＝男性2.63，女性3.59）。在四種暴力類型中，心理暴力與受僱者健康之相關最強。結論：夜班、輪班、長工時、高體力負荷、工作缺乏保障、職場正義低落等職場特質，可能使工作者較易面臨職場暴力，而職場暴力經驗亦是影響工作者身心健康與工作滿意度的重要因素。

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the distribution of workplace violence and its association with health status and job satisfaction among employees in Taiwan. Methods: Study subjects were 9,509 male and 7,777 female employees in a nation-wide survey in 2010. A standardized questionnaire was administered to obtain information regarding any experiences of workplace violence encountered over the previous 12 months; this included physical violence, verbal violence, psychological violence and sexual harassment. Self-rated health status, quality of sleep, presence of emotional distress and level of job satisfaction were also assessed. Results: The prevalence rates of workplace violence in men and women were, respectively: verbal violence 6.80% and 7.48%, psychological violence 3.39% and 4.06%, physical violence 0.81% and 0.48%, and sexual harassment 0.38% and 1.70%. Night or rotating shifts, longer working hours, greater workloads, greater physical loads, job insecurity and lower workplace justice were found to be risk factors for workplace violence. After adjustments for age and work characteristics, employees who had experienced workplace violence over the previous 12 months were found to be at a higher risk for poor sleep quality (OR men 2.24, women 2.54), poor self-rated health status (OR men 1.95, women 1.97), emotional distress (OR men 3.25, women 3.04) and low job satisfaction (OR 2.63 men, women 3.59). Among the four types of workplace violence, psychological violence appeared to have the strongest association with poor health. Conclusions: Adverse work characteristics including night shift, rotating shift, long working hours, physically demanding work, insecure employment and low workplace justice were risk factors for workplace violence, which, in turn, was associated with poor health and low levels of job satisfaction.