教養互動型態與青少年問題行為：母親與青少年知覺之探討

Patterns of Interaction and Adolescent Problem Behaviors: An Investigation of Maternal and Adolescent Perceptions

本研究有二個主要目的，一是瞭解母親及其青少年子女各自知覺之教養聯盟和教養行為所組成的教養互動型態，以及不同教養互動型態在青少年問題行為的差異；二是瞭解母親與青少年配對中，教養互動型態的一致性類型以及不一致類型在青少年問題行為的差異。本研究以就讀國中7至9年級青少年與其母親為對象，共計301對。本研究工具為「教養聯盟量表」、「教養行為量表」、青少年問題行為的「憂鬱和攻擊量表」。本研究結果顯示，首先，母親知覺教養互動有「高正向合作型」、「高負向衝突型」、和「保持距離型」三種型態。青少年知覺教養互動有「高正向合作型」、「高負向衝突型」、和「低正向合作型」三種型態。其次，在母親知覺教養互動型態方面，「高負向衝突型」的青少年在憂鬱和攻擊都顯著高於「高正向合作型」。在青少年知覺教養互動型態方面，「高負向衝突型」、「低正向合作型」的青少年在憂鬱和攻擊都顯著高於「高正向合作型」。除此之外，女生的憂鬱顯著高於男生。教養互動型態的一致性類型有「正向一致型」、「負向一致型」和「不一致型」，不論青少年憂鬱或攻擊，「負向一致型」和「不一致型」都顯著高於「正向一致型」。

There were two aims of the present study. One aim was to examine maternal and adolescent perceptions of patterns of parenting interaction which were made up of clusters of parenting alliance and parenting practices， as well as the differences in adolescent problem behaviors among various patterns of parenting interaction. The other aim was to examine consistent or inconsistent patterns based on pairs of mother a nd adolescent perceptions of patterns of parenting interaction， as well as the differences of adolescent problem behaviors among these patterns. The subjects of the present study were 301 pairs of junior high school students and their mothers. The instruments included the “Parenting Alliance Scale，” “Parenting Practices Scale，” and “Depression and Aggression Scales.” The results showed that maternal perceptions of these three patterns were “high positive and cooperative pattern，” “high negative and conflict pattern，” and “keeping-distant pattern.” Adolescent perceptions of these three patterns were “high positive and cooperative pattern，” “high negative and conflict pattern，” and “low positive and low cooperative pattern.” In addition， for maternal perceptions of patterns， adolescents in the “high negative and conflict pattern” showed significant higher levels of depression and aggression than adolescents in the “high positive and cooperative pattern.” For adolescent perceptions of patterns， adolescents in the “high negative and conflict pattern” and “low positive and cooperative pattern” showed significant higher levels of depression and aggression than adolescents in “high positive and low cooperative pattern”. Moreover， adolescent girls showed higher level of depression than adolescent boys. For both adolescent depression and aggression， “negative and consistent patterns” and “inconsistent patterns” showed higher levels than “positive and consistent patterns.” The present study may improve our understanding of interactions of family subsystems and their effects on adolescent problem behaviors.