關係理論取向諮商中個案因應內在依賴衝突之分析

The Analysis of How Clients Cope with Dependency Conflict in Relational Counseling Approaches

研究目的：本文從心理師的觀點，描繪在深度諮商關係中，個案對心理師產生內在依賴衝突時的反應與因應方式。研究方法：共訪談三位資深心理師，其以關係理論取向進行諮商工作，且諮商方式多以深度諮商為主。經由訪談資料的反覆閱讀與交叉比較，採內容分析法做為資料分析方式。研究結果：資料顯示個案一方面滿足被有效協助的依賴感，另一方面也會對依賴心理師產生焦慮，擔心即將重演過去被拒絕的痛苦經驗。因此，個案因應其內在依賴衝突可歸納出三類作法：「積極策略」、「消極策略」以及「形成競爭的關係」。研究結論：在深度諮商關係中，個案會出現不同的因應內在依賴衝突方式，雖然這些因應方式可能帶給心理師相當的壓力挑戰，但是抗拒行為的本質，代表個案將心理師視為重要他人，且試圖從與心理師的關係中找出解決內在核心衝突的方式、矯正原有的情緒經驗與人際模式。整個歷程對於個案的改變有著莫大的幫助。

Purpose: From the psychologists’ perspective， this study delineated various responses and coping strategies clients had when they developed dependency conflict toward their psychologists through in-depth counseling relationships. Methods: We conducted interviews with 3 psychologists who adopted a relational approach to counseling and who primarily conducted long-term counseling. Each psychologist was interviewed twice; all interviews lasted for about an hour. The content analysis method was conducted by rereading and analyzing the narratives case by case， and repeatedly comparing the interview transcripts. Results: The data showed that clients’ needs for dependency were satisfied through being helped effectively. At the same time， they exhibited anxiety about depending on their psychologists due to the worry of re-enacting the painful experience of being rejected. Thus， how clients coped with their inner dependency conflict could be categorized into three types: “active strategies，” “passive strategies，” and “forming competitive relationships.” Conclusions: During in-depth counseling relationship， clients adopt different ways of coping to deal with inner dependency conflict. Though these coping strategies might bring certain pressures and threats to psychologists， the nature of clients’ resistance indicated that clients tried to regard psychologists as important others， and they intended to resolve their core inner conflicts while correcting their original emotional experience and interpersonal model. The whole process contributed significantly to clients’ overall change.