貿易便捷化之進程

The Process of Trade Facilitation

本文主題為探討貿易便捷化之進程，以供政府制定經貿政策之參考。經過GATT/WTO歷次回合貿易談判，世界各國關稅已大幅調降，並且國際間興起簽署區域貿易協定之浪潮，因此WTO便極力推動貿易便捷化。貿易便捷化之目標是要簡化國際貿易流程，採用國際間標準化之貿易文件，透過建構單一貿易窗口加以調和，並藉由相關當事人彼此間相互磋商的方式以達成貿易之便捷化。貿易便捷化衡量標準包括時間、透明度、治理、運送。台灣推動貿易便捷化之措施包括：建置便捷貿e網、實施單證比對快速通關、商品驗證登錄案件實施稅則預先審核等。台灣已運用雲端運算整合通關、航港及貿易簽審資訊，建立關港貿單一窗口。本文實證研究結果顯示，世界各國出口時間相較有顯著差異，進口時間相較也有顯著差異。歷年來台灣出口和進口日數皆有遞減之趨勢，出口和進口成本也皆有遞減之趨勢，有助於台灣出口和進口金額之增加。

This paper explores the process of trade facilitation. After successive rounds of GATT / WTO trade negotiations， world tariffs have been substantially lowered， and the rise of signed international wave of regional trade agreements， WTO will strongly promote trade facilitation. Trade facilitation objective is to simplify the process of international trade， international standardization of trade documents， to be reconciled with the establishment of a single trade window， and by related parties consult with each other in each other to reach trade facilitation. The measurements of trade facilitation include time， transparency， governance， and transport. Taiwan to promote trade facilitation measures include: to build a the convenient free trade network， implementation documents than to verify login cases of customs clearance， commodity implementation of tariff pre-audit. Taiwan has been the use of cloud computing integration clearance airport and trade signed audit information， establish relations of domestic trade single window. The empirical findings show significant difference compared to world export time， there are significant differences in time compared to imports. The number of days of Taiwan's exports and imports decrease， the cost of exports and imports decrease， contribute to the increase of exports and imports.