李商隱詠花詩的析與賞

Analysis and Enjoyment of Li Shang Yin's Reciting Flowers Verse

李商隱詠物之作約百首，而詠花詩32首為其大宗，詠花詩乃以花為吟詠之對象，而以窮花之情，盡花之態作為表現方法者；抒情言志，則寓於所詠花的個體之內。李商隱詠題之選材，以牡丹、槿花各五首為最多，梅、菊各三，桃、李、荷、木蘭亦各有二首。詩人所選，除偶然際會所值之外，會當別具意義。眾花各有其花情與色態，李商隱之所吟詠，花嬌色艷之詩僅一見，餘均顯現殘花寥落、落花啼淚、花橫雨泣之情態，此亦反映其一生春風得意之時日少，流離坎坷歲月多之實情。花能解語，李商隱憑花傳語之作，呈現之方法為狀花抒情、惜花憐己及借花諷諭三類。李商隱詩蘊藉溫柔、深情綿邈、朦朧迷離的風格，亦在詠花諸作中表現無遺。

Li Shang Yin (812-858)， a very famous poet in late Tang Dynasty， composed around 100 reciting objects verse. 32 of reciting flowers verse are the major of this category. Reciting flowers verse is， by definition， the target of recitation should be real flowers， main description of the verse should be these flowers， lyricism or declaration the will， if any， may hide in the description.Among the reciting flowers verse， ten of them (five each) are reciting the peony and hibiscus， six of them (three each) are flowering apricot and chrysanthemum， eight of them (two each) are peach and plum together with lotus and deciduous magnolias. All flowers selected have their special meaning. The fact is that only one of the 32 dispersed cheer， others are sorrowful and grievous. It reflected Li Shang Yin’s bad luck of his whole life. Li scattered his feelings by means of reciting flowers in three ways， i.e. appearance of flowers reflected his sensation， sympathy with flowers implied sympathy for himself， and ridiculing on person or thing by sign of flowers.All styles of Li Shang Yin’s poems， gentle hearted， elusive vision and a deep feeling in depth of his heart， can be found in his reciting flowers verse.