蘇軾〈石鼓歌〉探析

Exploration of Su Shi’s “Shi Gu Ge”

〈石鼓歌〉乃蘇軾《鳳翔八觀》第一首詩歌，是蘇軾生命早期代表作之一。蘇軾以遊者身分在觀賞石鼓文之餘創作本詩，實蘊含有深刻的文藝美學觀照理論及哲理省思，反映蘇軾早期思想性格及文學態度。此文透過四方面重新分析〈石鼓歌〉的藝術價值：首先，蘇軾以一種「游於物之外」再反歸內心的觀照態度省視石鼓文，發現其內涵；再以「起承轉合」手法分析〈石鼓歌〉之篇章結構；接著透過律句、對偶、用典、博喻等藝術創作手法分析〈石鼓歌〉，透露出蘇軾早期追求雕琢形式之詩風；最後則針對〈石鼓歌〉所提出之「物自閒」及「名不朽」論題，探討蘇軾性格複雜多面向的矛盾及自適安然的性情。透過此文上述原則的掌握，對於蘇軾相關詩作，當能有更準確的理解。

“Shi Gu Ge ” is the first poem of the “ Eight Views of Feng Xiang ” series， and is one of the representative works in early stage of Su Shi’s life. Though Su Shi treated himself as a traveler when creating this poem， the poem presents in-depth observational attitude and philosophy thinking， which reflects Su Shi’s character in early stage. This article re-analyses the aesthetic value of the “Shi Gu Ge ” in four aspects. First of all， the article expounds that Su Shi examines the Shi Gu article with an observational attitude that “roaming around the objects” and be back to the heart; and then analyzes the structure of chapters by means of “introduction， elucidation， transition， and summing up”; thirdly， analyzes the “Shi Gu Ge ” via means of creative arts including regulate sentences， corresponding sentences， applying quotations and metaphors， indicating the ornate poem style that Su Shi purchased in early stage. Finally， the article focuses on the “things are free themselves” and “names never decay” issues， to explore the complicated multi-aspects contradictory and nature character of Su Shi， and hope to have more precise understanding of Su Shi’s related poems.