幼兒歌唱在華德福幼稚園實施初探－－以台中一所華德福托兒所為例

An exploration of the Implementing Model of Young Children's Singing at Waldorf Kindergarten: A Case Study

本研究旨在探究幼兒歌唱在華德福幼稚園實施之狀況。研究者以台中一所華德福托兒所的某一班級為觀察研究對象。本研究探用質性研究法之個案研究法，採用的研究工具包括文獻分析法、教室觀察日誌、訪談記錄、文件收集與分析。研究者從其中歸納出以下結論：（一）華德福教育的創始者史代納（Rudolf Steiner）認為歌唱是幫助幼兒身、心、靈整體平衡發展的最佳途徑。（二）史代納認為以d到e為音域的五聲音階音樂帶給孩子愉快、自由的感覺，教師要配合五聲音階旋律的特質，以輕柔的歌聲來唱歌。（三）華德福幼兒歌唱實施的內容主要是每日的晨頌與課程轉換的歌唱。（四）華德福的歌唱活動增進師生的互動、幼兒身體的協調發展、語言的表達能力、發音能力。愛唱歌成為華德福孩子的特色。（五）華德福老師希望多學一些發聲的技巧。

The main purpose of this study was to explore the implementing model of young children's singing at Waldorf Kindergarten. The researcher invited one of the classes at a Waldorf Daycare Center in Taichung city as the subject of the study. This study adopted a qualitative study method, and the implements used included literature analysis, classroom observation record, interview record, document collection and analysis. After a thorough analysis and examination, this study has summarized and inducted the following conclusions: (1) Steiner, the founder of Waldorf education, believed that not only can music help stabilize children's heart and make them concentrate, but it also can enrich children’s mentality and strengthen their will power. Therefore, singing is the best approach that facilitates the balanced development of children's body, soul, and spirit. (2) Steiner believed that the pentatonic (d e g a b d1 e1) music will bring children the feelings of pleasure and freedom; besides, a teacher should sing with a gentle and tranquil voice in a pentatonic atmosphere. (3) The practical content of the Waldorf children's singing is the daily morning circle and transitional songs between classes. (4) The Waldorf singing activity enhances the interactions between the teachers and the students, the children's body coordination and development, the language ability, and even a very obvious help to the vocal improvement. The love of singing in Children at Waldorf has become a characteristic. (5) The teachers at Waldorf would like to learn more vocal skills.